공간의 문화정치학- 포스트소비에트 시대 모스크바 재건의 문화적 함의 -
The Cultural Politics of Space : The Cultural Significance of Moscow Reconstruction in the Post-Soviet Period
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1990년대 포스트소비에트 시대 모스크바 재건은 주로 모스크바 시장 유리 루쉬코프의 도시 개발계획에 따라 추진되었다. 루쉬코프 주도의 모스크바 재건은 21세기형 자본주의 첨단 도시 창조를 지향하며 모스크바 도시공간의 면모를 새롭게 바꾸어 놓았을 뿐만 아니라, 소비에트 연방 해체 이후 새롭게 태어난 러시아 국가의 역사 '다시쓰기' 시도와 민족정체성 재정립 차원에서도 큰 기여를 했다는 점에서 긍정적 평가와 찬사를 받아왔다. 이와 동시에 1990년대 루쉬코프의 모스크바 재건 과정은 많은 점에서 1930년대 스탈린의 모스크바 재건 과정을 답습하고 있다는 점에서 부정적인 평가와 비판을 받고 있다. 그리고 "문화 2" 현상으로 불리는 1930년대 스탈린주의 문화의 수직 지향성과 수직적 위계질서에 대한 지나친 강조는 루쉬코프의 모스크바 재건 과정에서도 현저한 특징으로 반복되고 있다.
Abstract
The Cultural Politics of Space : The Cultural Significance of Moscow Reconstruction in the Post-Soviet Period Formally Moscow became the capital of the Soviet Union after the October Revolution of 1917. But it is reborn as the capital of 'new' Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Moscow undergoes the most radical reconstruction process in history at the time, when post-socialist Russia actively adopts capitalism and a free market economy. The reconstruction of post-Soviet Moscow was conducted by Iurii Luzhkov, mayor of Moscow, according to his urban planning. The process of Moscow reconstruction has heavily changed the urban space of Moscow and at the same time it has played greater roles in the ‘new' Russia's attempts to re-write history and re- establish its national identity. In this regared, Luzhkov's programme for the reconstruction of Moscow was highly valued and praised by Russians. On the other hand, Luzhkov's reconstruction of Moscow was the target of bitter criticism in that in many ways it imitates Stalin's reconstruction of Moscow in the 1930's. Especially, the obsessive emphasis on vertical hierarchy in architecture, which was the main feature of the Stalinist “Culture 2" in the 1930's, returns as one of the most characteristic features in Luzhko'vs reconstruction of Moscow in 1990's. Moreover, it even becomes one of the essential characters of the 1990's Russian culture and society at large. The aim of this articles is to explore the cultural significance of the reconstruction of post-Soviet Moscow as above.
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