러시아 정교와 개신교의 만남과 충돌(1909-1912)- 최관흘과 장로교파의 극동지역 선교활동과 러시아 측의 대응을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study is focused on the problems of missionary work of the Presbyterian Church because it is possible to understand the facts of over 50 years missionary works of the Orthodox Church to Korean through the oppositional process of the Russian Orthodox Church to the missionary work of the Presbyterian Church in the era which was missionary Kwanheul Choi worked in a central roll of missionary works in Vladivostok between 1909 and 1912. This study researched the missionary works of the Presbyterian Church which was missionary Kwanheul Choi worked in a central roll of missionary works between 1909 and 1912 in the Far East, the oppositions of the Russian Orthodox Church and the regional government authorities which included the Far Eastern government and the Littoral Province of Siberia in the Far East, and the efforts of missionary works of the Orthodox Church to Korean as well as its limitations. The missionary works of the Presbyterian Church had progressed explosively for a full three years and it brought serious aftereffects into the enemy territory. The Orthodox Church had an oppositional attitude with relying on the governmental authority to the Presbyterian Church without finding any suitable counterproposal to the infiltration of the imported religious denomination. It meant that the foothold of missionary works of the Orthodox Church, which had historical tradition almost one thousand years and missionary works to foreign races for over fifty years in the Far East, was not strong. In 1910s, the Orthodox Church seemed to achieve success of missionary works to Korean thanks to the political and social changes, which were the Japanese imperialism and the advent of Korean priests and teachers of catechism from parish school graduate, but the guidance division of the Orthodox Church exposed the real facts and loophole in the missionary works to Korean during the oppositional process to the Presbyterian Church. However, weak structure and system of the missionary works and insufficiency of finance and manpower were core points, but they had constantly been brought up from the beginning in the missionary works to Korean. It seemed to give an impression too late, the guidance division of the Orthodox Church tried to revive the missionary works to Korean through asking financial support to the central government, and reinforcing and reorganizing of manpower and organization from 1914 year. But the desire had disappeared in loosen relationship between government and the church throughout Oktyabrsky Manifest in 1905, World War I and Russian Revolution in 1917. Namely, Russian despotism had been closed by Oktyabrsky Manifest, therefore, the strong relationship between Russian despotism and the church was not existed any more. Also, the guidance division of the Orthodox Church became separated from immense support of government, and government could not came to push forward people to be members of the Orthodox Church. It means that the guidance division of the Orthodox Church and government which should totally control them had performed the missionary works to Korean without overcoming the basic problems and limitations of them over fifty years in the Far East.