19세기 러시아 제국의 형성과 러시아성 담론: Russianness 신화와 민족지 기행을 중심으로
The Myth of Russianness and Ethnographic Expedition During the Time of the Great Reforms
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우리나라는 경지면적 감소와 농촌 노동력 고령화가 급속하게 진행되어 농업생산량이 점점 감소하고 대외의존도는 점점 증가하고 있다. 이에 정부는 곡물 자주율을 높이기 위해 해외농업개발 활성화 정책을 추진하고 있다. 우리의 안정된 식량자원 확보를 위한 해외공급기지로서 러시아 남부, 연해주, 우크라이나, 동남아, 중국, 남미 등이 고려되고 있지만, 한반도 통일 후 안정된식량자원 확보를 위한 해외공급기지로서 연해주의 넓은 농지는 더 없이 적합하다. 따라서 연해주에서 한국과 러시아가 성공적인 농업협력을 이루기 위해서 다음의 몇 가지를 반드시 추진해야한다. 첫째, 연해주 진출 농기업들에게 투자자금 지원에 대한 우선권을 부여하여 투자자금 조달을 원활하게 해야 한다. 둘째, 북한의 노동력을 이용할 수 있도록 정부의 노력이 필요하다. 극동지역의 러시아 농장들은 북한의 농업노동자들을 초청하여 농작물 경작에 이용하고 있다. 이에우리 정부도 북한 당국과의 농업협력을 통해 연해주에서 북한 노동자들을 이용한 농작물 생산이가능하도록 해야 한다. 셋째, 현지 근로자에 대한 철저한 노무관리가 필요하다. 현지진출 기업은과거 농장에 소속되어 있던 모든 근로자들을 승계함과 동시에 복지수준을 향상시켜야 한다. 그리고 임금수준도 근로자들이 영농에 전념할 수 있는 수준의 임금체계를 마련해야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Ideological constructs, administrative folkloric database, and ethnographic expedition made during the time of the Great Reforms are center of this study. As is well known, after the Crimean War the tsarist imperial Russian government began to embark upon social transformation and a series of reconstructing nationand state- building which led to the Great Reforms. The Russian Geographical Society and its first administrative policy which turned out to be an ethnographic expedition were the most essential milestone to establish, build and thereby contributing a nation-and-state building in the sense of the nineteenth-century imperial discourse. First, the purpose of this article, therefore, is to overview the procedure in which the so-called myth of Russianness was made and created its unique political and ideological constructs throughout the entire 19th century. Second, drawing upon the folkloric and ethnographic database, this paper illustrates a new light on its social and political connotations in particular.
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