제한된 합리성과 재범통제정책
Bounded Rationality and recidivism prevent policy
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본 논문은 그 간의 중형주의ㆍ엄벌주의 범죄통제 정책에서 한 걸음 나아간 과학적ㆍ치료적ㆍ복지적 관점의 재범통제정책 수립 필요성을 범죄원인론적 차원에서 제안해 보고자 한다. 범죄에 대한 현재의 엄벌주의ㆍ중형주의 형사정책은 18세기 고전학파의 형사정책 방향과 궤를 같이 한다. 즉, 인간을 “자유의지(비결정론)”에 따른 “합리적 판단”이 가능한 존재로개념정의 하면서, 형벌의 상향은 범죄에 대한 중요한 예방책이 된다고 보고 있다. 합리적 선택이론에 기초한 엄벌주의 형사정책은 2002년 노벨경제학상을 받은 인지심리학자 다니엘 카네만의 “제한적 합리성 이론”에 의해 재고의 여지가 있다. 카네만의 노벨상수상 연구결과와 같이 인간의 판단과 의사결정이 합리성에 기초하지 않는다는 전제를 경제학이 아닌 형법상 전제로 받아들일 경우, 인간 합리성에 기초한 중형주의ㆍ엄벌주의 형사정책은 수정이 불가피하며, 불확실성과 제한된 합리성에 기초한 재범통제정책이 새롭게 고려되어져야 하는 당위성이 힘을 얻게 된다. 본 논문에서는 인간의 판단과 의사결정의 “합리성” 관점의 중형주의 형사정책의 문제점과 “제한적 합리성”에 기초한 형사정책의 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. 또한 이와 연계하여 재범통제기관의 전문화 필요성 또한 중요하게 부각되어지는데, 강력범죄와 그 재범을 방지하기 위한 대응책으로 법무부의 실질적 재범통제기관인 범죄예방정책국 보호관찰과 및 법무보호복지공단의 역할에 대해 생각해 본다.
Abstract
In this paper, I will discuss the need of advanced control policy of second conviction from severe punishment policy in a scientific, therapeutic, welfare perspective to review theories of crime. The current criminal policy of the severe punishment followed out that of classical school in 18th century. That is, human being is defined as a rational person of their own free will. Therefore, we need more severe punishment for crime prevention. Rational choice theory based criminal policy of the severe punishment should be reconsidered with bounded rationality theory of Daniel Kahneman who won the Nobel prize in economic sciences in 2002. He denied that humans are rational actors in traditional economics. How about accepting bounded rationality theory to criminal law? It is necessary that rationality based criminal policy must be modified. Therefore, it is reconsidered “uncertainty and bounded rationality” based control policy of second conviction. In this paper, I will review problems of “rationality” based criminal policy of the severe punishment and propose “bounded rationality” based new criminal policy. As the specialization of control agency of second conviction becomes important, it is also necessary to consider the role of Ministry of Justice as crime control agency for violent crime prevention.
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