러시아 문학(문화) 이론에서 중심-주변 모델의 문제: 위상학적 공간성에서 탈구된 시간성으로
“Center-Periphery” Model in Russian Literary (Cultural) Theory
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초록
전 지구화로 대변되는 급격한 사회문화적 변동을 배경으로 중심-주변 관계의 모델이 새롭게 주목받고 있다. 진정한 대안적 사유를 위해서는 중심-주변 관계를 둘러싼 각종 개념들에 대한 철저한 재고가 불가피하다. 이에 따라 이 글에서는 러시아 문학(문화)이론사에서 중심-주변 모델이 적용되고 전개되는 다채로운 양상을 살펴본다. 문학사의 진화 과정에 중심-주변의 모델을 도입하려는 러시아 형식주의의 기획에서 출발하여, 그 방법적 유산을 '문화유형론'이라는 새로운 학제에 적용하려는 로트만의 노선, 나아가 그 한계와 곤궁을 '시간성'의 차원을 통해 돌파하려는 그의 이론적 시도에 이르기까지, 중심-주변 모델을 둘러싼 흥미로운 사례들을 확인해 본다. 이 과정에서 중심-주변 모델의 이론적 중요성 및 방법론적 실효성뿐 아니라, 그것이 직면하게 되는 본질적인 한계 역시 드러날 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
At the age of rapid socio-cultural transformation in the name of Globalization, “Center – Periphery” model as a particular theoretical paradigm appears as an object of intensive academic interest. The main problematic of the concept “Center Periphery” is that it can be end up just a “repetition” by simple replacement of hegemonic power. For the real alternative for that dilemma, we have to thoroughly reexamine various concepts, related to model “center – periphery.” This article aims to examine various theoretical attempts to introduce and adapt this model to Literary and Cultural Studies in history of Russian Literary (Cultural) theory. From the first attempt in “Russian formalism” to apply the model to problem of “literary evolution,” through the Lotman's trial to adapt methodological legacy of this model into the new discipline, which is called as “Cultural typology,” and finally to his final effort to overcome the theoretical dilemma of “Center – Periphery” model, we will in order investigate the process of development of this paradigm in Russian Literary (Cultural) theory. By that, we hope to show not only the theoretic implication and methodological actuality of the model, but also its essential limitation and weak point. Searching for the most appropriate theoretical model for explaining the process of “generating new meaning,” Lotman gradually moved from “Spacial model (in particular center - periphery model)” to “Temporal model,” so called the concept of “Explosion [vzryv].” The proper expression for “Explosion” is a dislocated temporality, which is described as time out of the line of time [vyklyuchennyiiz vremeni]. Temporal model of explosion was a new model for him in theoretically justifying the historical unpredictability and cultural indeterminateness. It was not just an index witnessing the “existential landscape” in which Lotman found himself in his last period, but also served as a “theoretical breakthrough,” by which he could escape from previous deadlock.
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