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탈냉전 이후 세계화: 심층 통합, 보호주의, 그리고 민주주의의 위기

Globalizaton in the Post-Cold War Period: Deep Integration, Protectionism, and the Crisis of Democracy

이승주
극동문제연구소 (THE INSTITUTE FOR FAR EASTERN STUDIES)|2020.03|한국과 국제정치 (Korea and World Politics)|제36권 제1호|pp. 81-116|DOI 10.17331/kwp.2020.36.1.003

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키워드

민주주의보호주의세계화GlobalizationProtectionismDemocracyGlobal Financial CrisisPopulism글로벌 금융 위기심층 통합대중주의Deep Integration
주제분류정치외교학

초록

이 글은 탈냉전과 함께 본격화된 세계화의 본질에 대한 검토를 바탕으로 2000년대 이후 진행된 세계화의 성격 변화가 세계 경제 질서와 국내정치에 미친 영향을 고찰한다. 탈냉전 시대 세계화의 약속과 현실을 현재적 관점에서 검토할 때, 어떤 평가를 할 수 있을 것인가? 이 글은 세계 경제 질서의 불안정성 증가와 국내적 차원의 경제적 불평등 및 불확실성의 확대 사이의 상호작용에 초점을 맞추어 다음의 과정을 고찰한다. 글로벌 금융 위기가 규제되지 않은 금융 세계화의 위험성과 지구적 가치 사슬의 확대에 따른 심층 통합의 문제를 일깨우는 결정적 계기가 되었다. 이후 금융 규제의 필요성에 대한 광범위한 공감대가 형성되는 가운데, 무역 분야의 보호주의 강화는 국내정치 차원에서 세계화의 부정적 효과와 분배 조정의 요구를 대중주의로 전환시키는 요인으로 작용하였다.

Abstract

This paper attempts to explore the impact of changes in the nature of globalization on the global economic order in the post-cold war era. The interplay between instability in the global economy and inequality at the domestic level has escalated as the global financial crisis revealed the problems of unregulated financial globalization and deep integration. While a broad consensus was forged on the need for financial regulation, the rise of protectionism served as a mechanism transforming the demand for adjustment of distributional conflicts into populism at the domestic level.

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