지역본위투표와 합리적 선택 이론: 공간모형 분석
Regional Voting and Rational Choice Theory: A Spatial Model Analysis
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Abstract
I offer a spatial model that specifies the electoral mechanism of regional voting in South Korea. In the model, if political parties' ideological positions are less distinguishable, it becomes easier for the parties to sway ideological voting decisions by regional benefits. I apply this model to explain the intensification of regional voting in terms of a less polarized party system after the democratic reform in 1987. A decrease in the ideological difference between the governing party and opposition parties after the reform led to an increase in the significance of regional resource allocation as a basis of voting decision. I also argue that the disappearance of regional voting does not necessarily lead to the emergence of ideological competition since other non-ideological factors would play a central role in voters' voting decision unless the difference in parties' ideological positions is salient. Thus, the logical solution for discouraging regional voting is to design institutions that make the difference between the parties' ideological positions more salient.
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