민족문화자치제(National Cultural Autonomy)의 사상적 기원과 실제

Abstract

This study looks into the origins and the realities of the idea, “National-Cultural Autonomy (NCA),” considering that, it has been realized as a national policy nowadays in Russian Federation. I got such a conclusion on June 1996 year, on the ground of the declaration, <the concept about national policies in RF>, <On the NCA> by russian government in turn as federal law, evaluated as a legal and constitutional framework for resolving the national problems in a multi-ethnic russian society. In these laws are concentrated the concepts and contents, which were discussed in the late 19th century. On the origin of the NCA idea in RF, firstly we can go back to the ruling era of Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire in the late 19th century. These multinational states have got the tasks of linking together the different demands of the various national minorities into a combined state. Though a program, proposed in the Congress of the Party of Social democrats in Austro-Hungarian Empire, was not adopted a resolution in the Party, not even the law of the Austro-Hungarian state, it was got widely in Russian Empire. This historical experience became a realistic alternative of the modern RF, eagering to resolve the national problems. Then, what is the special features of NCA as a system in the sphere of organizational constitution and its realizing process ? In the system of NCA in RF ethnic minorities can embody the consciousness to make their own national interests, that is economical, cultural interests by configuring spontaneously the NCA organization. The NCA organization could be constituted on the local, regional and federal level from the lower to the top. In the course of the realization of the process of the NCA in RF we cannot say there`s no problem. NCA has no function to establish laws, so in order to realize their programs ethnic groups ought to get a material resources by the decisions of administration and the ratification of the federal Congress. That is why, it is interpretated that the formation of the system NCA became a system of control on the population, which belongs to different ethnic groups. Nevertheless, NCA in RF is a historical and theoretical meaning that NCA is derived as a national policy on the new stage of new national environment.