유엔글로벌컴팩의 성격과 발전방향: ‘사회책임(CSR)’과 ‘기업시민(Corporate Citizenship) 되기’ 대한 쟁점 검토를 통해서
The Characteristic and Prospect of UN Global Compact: Through Review on CSR and Corporate Citizenship Issues
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오늘날 우리는 금융자본주의가 낳은 세계적 위기와 고통을 겪고 있다. 위기를 낳은 주범인 기업은 한편 세계의 발전을 추동하고 있는 기본적인 동력들 중 하나이기도 하다. 따라서 현 시점에서 기업의 변화는 매우 절실한 당면문제가 되고 있다. 유엔글로벌컴팩(UN Global Compact)의 정신(10대 원칙)은 기업이 가져야 할 기준, 즉 기업시민의 길을 제시하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 그런 점에서 유엔글로벌컴팩의 발전방향과 기업윤리(특히 기업의 사회책임 경영)는 불가분의 관련을 맺고 있다고 할 수 있다. 또한 ISO 26000의 등장은 기업의 사회책임에 대한 국제적 압력을 증가시키고 있다. 가까운 장래에 기업이 국제적 표준을 따르거나 대응하지 않으면 생존이 어려워지거나 경쟁력이 저하되는 결과를 초래할 수도 있다. 이런 맥락에서 이 논문은 기업이 변해가야 할 방향을 제시함과 동시에 유엔글로벌컴팩의 미래 발전방향을 살펴본다. 또한 유엔글로벌컴팩의 파트너인 기업이 이윤추구를 넘어서 ‘좋은 기업시민(GCC)’과 ‘기업의 사회책임(CSR)’ 수행에 대한 올바른 실천방향을 논의하고자 한다. 위기가 기회로 전환될 수 있듯이, 앞으로 기업이 존경심을 높이고 신뢰를 확대하면 유엔글로벌컴팩의 신뢰 역시 높아지고 이는 유엔의 위상강화로 귀결될 것이다. 유엔의 입장에서도 감시나 통제의 방법을 채택하기보다는 ‘좋은 기업시민’으로의 덕목을 체화하도록 유도하고 보다 순수한 CSR 실천을 이행하도록 하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 이런 관점에서 이 논문은 기업이 순수한 CSR을 실천하여 사회의 신뢰를 얻고 사회자본을 획득할 수 있는 몇 가지 방안을 제시했다.
Abstract
Today, we are suffering from the worldly crisis that has been caused by financial capitalism. However, the subject(corporation) that has generated the crisis is also becoming driving force to urge economic development. In that sense, the point is how to change the corporations for a sustainable world in the future. In this context, the spirit(10 principles) of UN Global Compact is for Corporations to suggest them to adopt good corporate citizenship through CSR. Philosophy between UN Global Compact and corporate ethics is very much related. The emergence of ISO 26000 is to push them to increase international pressure for CSR. In the near future, it might be difficult for corporations to survive and might weaken their competitive advantage if they will not follow the standard. This paper is timely because the discussion will give a right direction in which corporations are going to follow the principles of the UN Global Compact. Eventually this paper suggests that corporations consider becoming good corporate citizenship through CSR. On the other hand, this is to make UN Global Compact's partner corporations adopt its virtue and do pure CSR activities rather than result in disincentives(regulations, audits, and control etc.). As crisis turns into opportunity, corporations can get them strengthened in trust and get them respected to follow the social capital, then Global Compact will contribute to strengthening of the influence of the UN. This paper also suggests some incentive factors(award and positive methods rather than disincentive including watch, monitering, and regulation etc.) for the successful development of Global Compact on the UN side.
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