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일본 FTA 정책의 형성과 변화: 행위자와 제도의 상호작용을 중심으로

The Evolution of Japan's FTA Policy: Dynamic Interaction Between Players and Policymaking Institutions

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

일본 정부가 1990년대 후반 싱가포르와의 FTA 추진을 천명한 이래, FTA 정책은 빠른 속도로 일본 통상정책의 핵심 축으로 대두되었다. 반면 일본의 FTA 정책은 주로 중소규모 국가와의 제한적 FTA의 체결이라는 한계를 함께 드러냈다. 이 과정에서 일본 FTA 정책은 국내정치적으로 동태적 변화의 과정을 겪었다. 본 연구는 일본이 FTA를 수용한 이후, FTA 정책이 형성ㆍ변화되어 온 과정을 동태적으로 분석하고 이에 대한 이론적ㆍ실천적 함의를 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해, FTA 정책의 수요와 공급의 상호작용에 초점을 맞추어 설명한다. 구체적으로 첫째, 수요 측면을 형성하는 수출기업, 전경련(게이단렌), 농민단체 등이 일본 FTA 정책의 초기 형성과정에서 수행한 역할을 고찰한다. 둘째, 공급 측면의 관점에서, 일본 정부가 FTA 체결 요구에 직면하여 FTA 정책결정체제를 형성하는 과정을 설명한다. 셋째, 수상 관저의 FTA 정책에 대한 개입으로 인해 발생한 FTA 정책결정체제의 변화과정을 분석한다. 넷째, 전통적 행위자들이 수상 관저의 정치적 개입에 대해 전략적으로 대응하는 과정을 고찰한다.

Abstract

Since the Japanese government officially launched its FTA policy as it embarked on the negotiations for the Japan-Singapore Economic Partnership Agreement, FTA policy has become a center pillar of Japan’s trade policy. Japan has actively concluded a series of FTAs with Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, and Chile. This study aims to explain the way in which Japan’s FTA policy has evolved since it formally embraced FTA. To explain the dynamic evolution of Japan’s FTA policy, I focus on the interplay between demand and supply sides of FTA policymaking. First, I examine how primary actors in the demand side―exporting industries and their political organ Keidanren―spearheaded the initial formation of Japan’s FTA policy. Second, moving on to the supply side, I explore how Japan’s FTA policymaking structure was created in responding to these demands. Third, I explain how and why the Prime Minister’s Office intervened in FTA policymaking. Finally, I examine the way in which players with vested interests in traditional policymaking reacted to the political interference by the prime minister.

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