그리스 채무드라마와 유로위기: 유로위기의 구조적 배경과 유럽연합의 위기 대응 변화
Greek Debt Drama and Euro Crisis: Structural Background of Euro Crisis and Changes in Response of EU
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본 논문은 그리스 채무위기의 유럽적 차원, 즉 유로위기에 대한 관심을 환기시킴으로써 그리스의 위기가 그리스만의 문제가 아니라 유럽적 뿌리를 갖고 있음을 드러내려 한다. 즉 그리스 채무위기는 그리스 정부의 개혁 지연과 극도의 비효율성의 결과물이기도 하지만, 유로존의 구조적 불균형 및 구성적 모순과도 무관하지 않다. 요컨대 그리스 채무드라마의 총체적 진실은 유로위기의 구조적 배경 및 위기에 대한 유럽연합의 대응 변화를 함께 고려할 때 제대로 밝혀질 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 다음의 두 가지 작업을 수행한다. 첫째, 유로위기의 구조적 배경에 대해 논의한다. 유로위기의 배경에는 복합적으로 작용하는 세 가지의 구조적 측면, 즉 유럽연합의 금융시장 통합, 유로존의 구조적 불균형, 유럽연합이라는 초국적 국가성의 제도적 결함이 존재한다. 이 세 측면들은 오늘날 유럽통합이 직면하고 있는 가장 중요한 긴장과 딜레마이기도 하다. 둘째, 유로위기에 대한 유럽연합의 대응을 두 단계로 나누어 분석한다. 위기의 1단계에서는 개별 회원국 차원에서 은행에 대한 긴급구제와 경기부양 정책이 이루어졌고, 유럽연합 차원에서는 금융시장의 재규제가 논의되었다. 그러나 2010년 이후 위기의 2단계에 들어서면 금융위기가 재정위기로 전화하고, 유럽연합의 대응도 유로존의 안정화, 긴축정책의 공고화, 구조개혁과 경쟁력 강화를 목표로 한다. 이처럼 위기 대응이 변화하는 맥락을 이해한다면, 그리스와의 채무협상 과정에서 유럽연합이 보인 강경한 입장은 일관되며 논리적인 것이라 할 수 있겠다.
Abstract
This paper aims to reveal the immanent structural tensions and dilemmas of the European Union(EU) through analyzing structural background of the Euro crisis. And also, through evaluating the EU’s maneuvering of the Euro crisis, this paper confirms that the package of tough measures of the EU on Greece has been carried out partly as an extension of the consistent logic of its own step. For these aims, two tasks are taken in this paper. Firstly, it analyzes the structural background of the Euro crisis on which Greek debt drama is staged now. The Euro crisis is not simply a debt crisis of the countries, though it erupts out as a kind of fiscal crisis of periphery countries of the EU. Three kinds of structural factors like integrated financial market of the EU, structural imbalance of the Eurozone, and institutional defect of the EU as a transnational entity, function in a complex way as a background of the Euro crisis. Study on these factors helps us to understand the background of the Euro crisis and simultaneously identify the contradictions and tensions that the EU faces today. Secondly, it analyzes the response of the EU to the Euro crisis in two stages. At the first stage of crisis, emergency bailout funds for banks and economic policies for boosting growth have been introduced at the individual level of member countries while re-regulation of financial market was considered at the EU level. However, as the Euro crisis entered upon its second stage since the year of 2010, financial crisis moved toward fiscal crisis and, as a result, the EU took another actions targeting for stabilizing the Eurozone, intensifying fiscal tights and enhancing competitiveness and structural reform. From this perspective, therefore, the package of tough measures of the EU on Greece can be rightly understood not as an accidental outcome but as a consistent and extended response of the EU toward the Euro crisis.
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