비교문화심리학의 연구방법 정교화를 위한 제언
A Study for Refinement of Research Methods in Cross-Cultural Psychology
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비교문화심리학은 문화가 인간의 마음과 행동에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 밝혀왔다. 그러나 이러한 학문적 성취에도 불구하고, 일각에서는 비교문화심리학 연구방법의 문제점을 지적하며, 더 높은 수준의 연구방법 정교화를 촉구해 왔다. 본 논문에서는 현 시점의 비교문화심리학이 안고 있는 세 가지 연구방법 상의 문제를 다루었다. 이러한 문제들에는 (1) 두 개의 문화 집단 간 비교가 주를 이루는 점, (2) 학생 표본에 과도하게 의존하는 점, 그리고 (3) 차이의 발견에 지나치게 초점을 맞추며, 관찰된 차이에 대한 설명이 순환적이라는 점이 포함된다. 다음으로, 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제들이 문화 속의 인간을 이해하려는 노력에 어떠한 도전을 제기하는지 밝히고, 이러한 도전을 넘어설 방안을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Cross-cultural psychology has empirically shown the impact of culture on human mind and behavior. Despite such an achievement, however, some have pointed out problems of research methods in cross-cultural psychology and called for a higher level of sophistication in research methods of cross-cultural psychology. In this paper, three problems in research methods of contemporary cross-cultural psychology are addressed. These problems include: (1) an over-reliance on comparisons between two cultural groups, (2) an over-reliance on student samples, and (3) an excessive focus on finding differences (vs. similarities) across cultures, and cyclic explanations for the observed cross-cultural differences. Next, this paper shows what challenges these problems pose to the efforts to understand the human mind in the cultural context, and suggests ways to go beyond these challenges.
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