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여자 대학생의 물질주의, 숙달목표의 변화양상과 스트레스, 불안과의 종단적 관계

Changes in Materialism and Mastery Goal on Stress and Anxiety Among Female College Students: Person-Centered Approach

설경옥|박선영
사회과학연구소 (Institute of Social Sciences SOGANG UNIVERSITY)|2021.12|지역과 세계 (Locality and Globality: International Journal of Social Sciences)|제45권 제4호|pp. 151-176|DOI 10.33071/ssricb.45.4.202112.151

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스트레스anxietystress불안물질주의materialismlatent class growth analysis잠재계층 성장분석mastery goal숙달목표
주제분류기타사회과학

초록

본 연구는 초기 성인기 여자 대학생의 물질주의와 숙달목표의 종단적 변화와 스트레스, 불안의 관계를 검증하기 위해 실시하였다. 서울 및 수도권 대학에 재학 중인 여대생 487명을 대상으로 6개월 간 4차례 설문을실시하여 잠재계층 성장분석을 한 결과 내적 성장추구형(C1), 외적 성취추구형(C2), 외적 성장추구형(C3)의3개의 잠재계층이 확인되었다. 내적 성장추구형(C1)은 전체의 13.1%인 64명으로 시간에 따른 물질주의와숙달목표의 변화없이 세 집단 중 물질주의 가치는 가장 낮고, 숙달목표는 가장 높았다. 외적 성취추구형(C2)은 31.2%인 152명으로 물질주의와 숙달목표가 모두 변화하였는데, 세 집단 중 물질주의 초기치가 가장 높고 점차 증가하였으며, 숙달목표의 초기치는 가장 낮았고, 점차 감소하였다. 외적 성장추구형(C3)은 55.6%인 271명으로 세 집단 중 가장 큰 비율을 차지하였다. 이 집단의 물질주의와 숙달목표의 초기치는 전체집단의 평균 수준이었고, 물질주의 가치추구는 시간에 따라 증가하였다. 집단 별 잠재성장분석의 초기치 평균값으로 불안과 스트레스의 종단적 변화를 비교한 결과 외적 성취추구형(C2)이 가장 낮고 그 다음으로 외적 성장추구형(C3)으로 나타났으며 내적 성장추구형(C1)이 가장 높았다. 외적 성장추구형(C3)의 경우 스트레스수준은 시간에 따른 변화없이 유지되었지만 불안 수준은 점차 높아지는 변화가 있었다. 종합하면 높은 물질주의 추구는 낮은 숙달목표 추구와 함께 변화하는 특징이 있었으며 스트레스, 불안과 같은 심리적 적응에도부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 반대로 낮은 물질주의 추구는 높은 숙달목표 추구와 함께 변화하며 심리적 적응에긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다.

Abstract

This study investigated changes in materialism and mastery goal in earlyadulthood in relation to stress and anxiety using a person-centered approach. Wesurveyed 492 female college students 4 times at 6-month intervals. We found threedistinct groups using latent class growth analysis: intrinsic growth pursuing(C1),extrinsic achievement pursuing(C2), and extrinsic growth pursuing(C3). Of thetotal, 13.1%(64) were under C1, showing no change in materialism and masterygoal and having the lowest materialistic values and highest mastery goal over time. Meanwhile, 31.2%(152) were under C2, who showed the highest materialism at thebeginning, which increased over time, and had the lowest mastery goal level,which gradually decreased through time. Lastly, C3 was the largest group at55.6%(271). This group displayed an average initial level of materialism andmastery goal, with materialism increasing over time. C1 had the lowest stress andanxiety levels, followed by C3, concluding C2 to be the highest levels. For C3,their stress level remained the same, and their anxiety level increased over time. Inconclusion, high materialism and low mastery goal changed together and hadnegative implications on stress and anxiety.

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