도피이론으로 검증한 성인 초기 여성의 완벽주의, 자존감 그리고 물질주의 추구
Escape Theory and Materialism: A Longitudinal Analysis of Perfectionism and Self-Esteem Among Young Adult Women
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참고문헌
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초록
이 연구는 개인이 물질주의를 추구하는 심리적 과정을 밝히고자 실시되었다. 이를 위해 Donnelly 등(2016)이 도피이론을 적용하여 물질주의 과정을 설명한 6단계 중 1단계를 비현실적이고 과도하게 높은 삶의 기준을 갖는 사회부과적 완벽주의로, 2단계를 완벽한 기준에 부합하지 못하는 자신을 부정적으로 지각 혹은 평가하게 하는 낮은 자존감으로 개념화하여 성인 초기 여성이 물질주의에 이르는 과정을 종단연구를 통해 확인하였다. 구체적으로 사회부과적 완벽주의 초기값이 자존감 초기값과 변화율을 매개로 물질주의 초기값과 변화율을 예측하는지 검정하였다. 가설 검증을 위해 성인 초기 여성 571명을 대상으로 1.5년 동안 네 번의 설문을 실시하였다. 분석결과 초기값 간 매개 경로에서 사회부과적 완벽주의가 높은 여성은 낮은 자존감을 매개로 높은 물질주의를 보였고, 사회부과적 완벽주의 초기값이 자존감 변화율을 매개로 물질주의 변화율을 예측하는 종단적 매개효과는 유의하지 않았다. 그러나 자존감 변화율이 물질주의 변화율을 유의하게 예측하여 자존감이 낮아질수록 물질주의 추구 경향은 더 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 한국사회에서 성인 초기 여성의 심리적 안녕감과 정신건강을 해치는 주요 변인인 물질주의가 강화되는 과정을 추론할 수 있는 근거를 제시하였다는 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine psychological procedures that explain one’s pursuit of materialism. We employed Donnelly et al.’s (2016) application of the Escape Theory to Materialism. The first step is having unrealistic and overly high standards of life, as measured by socially prescribed perfectionism. The second step is the development of a negative perception of the self for not meeting high standards, as measured by low self-esteem. We hypothesized that initial and decrease of self-esteem over time would mediate the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism, and initial and increase in materialism. A total of 571 young adult women completed surveys four times over one and a half years. Cross-sectionally, low self-esteem mediated the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and materialism at time 1. Longitudinally, we only found that as self-esteem lowered over time there was an increase of materialism. Materialism is an important variable to understand Korean young adult women’s psychological well-being and mental health. These results provided understanding of how Korean young adult women reinforce materialism over time.
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