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저출산ㆍ고령화 시대 아베 정부의 성장전략

Abe Government's Growth Strategy under the Pressure of Declining Fertility Rates and Aging Population

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

아베 정부는 경제 활성화와 지속가능한 성장이라는 정책목표를 달성하기 위해 노동시장, 보육, 교육 중심의 성장전략을 선택하였다. 이는 일본이 직면한 저출산․고령화와 인구감소로 발생하는 노동력 부족을 해결하고 인재 만들기 혁명과 생산성 혁명을 통해 지속가능한 성장모델을 수립하고자 한 것이었다. 아베 정부의 성장전략은 이전 자유민주당 정부의 선택과도 상당한 차이가 있는데, 노동시장정책은 다양하고 유연한 고용조건과 근무형태를 도입하고 노동시장 불평등과 장시간 노동관행을 개선함으로써 노동시장에 적극적으로 참여하지 않았던 여성, 고령자 등 다양한 인적자원 활용을 목표로 하였다. 또한 보육정책과 교육정책은 미래의 인적자원에 대한 투자와 급변하는 산업구조와 생산시스템에 적응할 수 있는 새로운 인재양성에 중점을 두었다. 이러한 성장전략은 총리와 총리관저 주도의 중앙집중화된 정책결정과정을 통해 더욱 신속하고 포괄적으로 진행되었다.

Abstract

The Abe government has attempted to respond to the severe pressure of the demographic change, represented by rapidly declining fertility rates and aging population. Although it has been the problem for Japan for the past few decades, the Abe government has endeavored to alleviate the negative consequences of the demographic challenge on Japan’s political economy, especially labor shortages and the lack of growth engine. A series of the Abe government’s policies for tackling its declining fertility rates and aging population have differed from what the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan government opted for in the past. In particular, the Abe government has focused more on the investment in human capital development and the activation of all the working age population through the labor market reforms, the expansion of child care, and the education reform for the productivity growth, with the institutional support of the centralized policy-making by the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister’s Office (or kantei). By doing so, the Abe government has aimed to promote the productivity growth as the primary engine for Japan’s economic revitalization and sustainable development.

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