The Transition of Russian Armed Forces: A Road to Reformation?
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초록
러시아 軍 개혁은 경제, 사회, 지정학적 요인들을 포괄하는 매우 복합적이며 정치적으로 추동 된 과정으로 이해할 수 있다. 1992년 러시아 軍이 창설된 이후 많은 개혁들이 시도되었으나 어떤 것도 성공적이지 못했다. 지난 17년 간 러시아 軍 개혁과정에서는 항상 정치권력이 중심축이 되어왔으나, 개혁안의 마련과 이행에는 여전히 많은 문제들이 상존하고 있다. 많은 개혁 의제들 중 특히 軍 조직 내부에 만연한 구 소련 시대의 군사문화와 러시아 사회의 구조적 문제들의 해결은 軍 개혁을 위한 중요 선행조건들로 볼 수 있다. 또한, 러시아 軍 개혁 노력을 서방의 근대적 군사 혁신(military transformation) 개념과 비교하더라도 이는 아직 충분히 달성되지 못한 것으로 평가된다. 따라서 러시아 軍 개혁을 위해서는 이러한 문제들을 해결하려는 정치 지도부의 보다 강력한 노력이 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다. 결론적으로 러시아 軍은 아직 ‘개혁’보다는 ‘변환’의 과정에 머물러 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
The reform of the Armed Forces in Russia describes a very comprehensive and politically driven process encompassing aspects like the economics, society or geopolitics. Several attempts have been made to reform the Russian Armed Forces since their creation in 1992. However, none of them have been entirely successful. Although the political power remains the first trigger to these attempts, there are many challenges to their implementation. Consequently, the contemporary Russian Armed Forces have not been reformed for the last seventeen years. Looking towards Western modern armies, they have not achieved a transformation process either. The reform of Russian Armed Forces would be incomplete unless Russian leadership takes a bolder position to tackle the legacy inherited from the Soviet era as well as structural problems of its military.
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