영유아기의 애착 측정 도구에 대한 개관
The Attachment Measurement of Infancy
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본 논문은 영유아기의 애착행동, 애착유형과 정도를 측정하는 심리학적 평가도구 및 척도들을 개관하였다. 구체적으로, 12∼18개월의 영아를 대상으로 낯선 환경의 실험실에서 영아와 어머니 간에 이루어지는 두 번의 분리 상황을 통해 영아의 애착의 질을 측정한 Ainsworth의 ‘낯선상황실험’, 자연스러운 환경에서 1∼5세 유아의 애착 행동을 양적으로 측정하기 위해 Waters와 Deane가 고안한 ‘애착 Q 분류법’, 8∼12개월의 영아의 가정을 방문한 관찰자가 두 시간 가량 영아를 관찰하고 어머니와 인터뷰를 하는 Pederson-Moran의 ‘가정분류방법’, 인형놀이를 통해 아동이 갖고 있는 애착인물에 대한 정신적 표상을 측정하고자 한 Manchester의 ‘애착이야기’와 Bretherton 등의 ‘애착이야기완성과제’가 소개되었다. 이외에도 Ainsworth의 ‘낯선상황실험’을 응용한 Cassidy-Marvin의 3∼4세 유아 대상 ‘애착유형체계 검사’가 개관되었다. 아울러, 각 도구들이 갖는 장점들과 문제점들이 논의되었으며, 이를 극복하기 위한 연구방향들이 제시되었다.
Abstract
This study reviewed the psychological assessment tools and scales to measure infant attachment behavior and the type of attachment. First, the author introduced Ainsworth's 'Strange Situation Procedure(SSP)'. Researchers measure the quality of infant attachment behavior and the type of attachment in the laboratory environment unfamiliar to children by separating infant from his/her mother. Second, the author introduced Attachment Q-sort(AQS) by Waters and Deane. This tool evaluates the attachment behavior of infants who are 1-5 years old (12-48 months) in natural environment through quantitative methods. Third, the author introduced Pederson-Moran Home Assessment. The researcher visits a house of infant(8-12 months) and observes two hours infant attachment behavior and then, interviews with the mother of infant. Fourth, the author introduced Attachment Story Completion Task. This tool is intended to measure infants attachment figures by using symbolic representation. Regarding infant attachment measures, it is discussed that measurement should be used that take into account the researcher's research purpose. Further, key problems of each measurement were discussed and research direction to solve these issues were suggested.
참고문헌 (19)
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