심해저 광물자원 개발을 위한 해양환경보호제도에 관한 연구
A Study on the Regime of the marine environmental protection for development of the mineral resources in the Area.
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초록
심해저 광물자원을 개발함에 있어 가장 핵심적인 사항은 개발주체에게 부담시킬 재정적 조건을 어떻게 할 것인가 하는 것과 해양환경을 어떠한 방식으로 보호할 것인가 하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 재정조건과 관련하여서는 현재 비공식 협상회의를 통해 지불메카니즘과 관련 지불요율을 검토중에 있으며, 이 실무그룹에서 나온 결과가 개발규칙에 반영될 예정인다. 해양환경보호와 관련하여서는 유엔해양법협약과 이행협정을 통해 기본적인 근거를 마련하고 이후 국제해저기구의 광업규칙, 그리고 해양환경보호를 위한 환경영향평가지침 권고를 통해 구체적인 해양환경보호방법을 제시하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 우선 심해저 해양환경보호를 위한 제도를 알아본 후, 다음으로 해양환경영향평가지침을 통해 실질적으로 계약자들이 따라야 할 내용이 무엇인지를 알아본다. 그리고 개발규칙(안)에서 논의되고 있는 해양환경보호 내용을 분석하였다. 특히 해양환경보호를 위해 현재 해저기구에서 많은 논의가 진행되고 있는 1) 공공협의의 필요성 문제, 2) 환경영향평가시 전문조직의 활용과 함께 3) 해양환경보호를 위한 재정적 부담으로서 환경이행보증금, 보험, 환경보상기금 등에 대해 분석하였다.
Abstract
In developing deep-sea mineral resources, the key issues are how to do with the financial terms that will be borne by the developing entity and how to protect the marine environment. In relation to financial conditions, the payment mechanisms and associated payment rates are currently being reviewed through the open-ended working group of the Council in respect of the development and negotiation of the financial terms of a contract. The results from this working group will be reflected in the exploitation regulations. With regard to the protection of the marine environment, basic grounds are prepared through the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Implementation Agreement, and the specific marine environment protection method is proposed through the recommendation of the International Seabed Authority(ISA)’s Mining Code and guidance of contractors for the assessment of the possible environmental impacts arising from exploration for marine minerals in the Area. First, I look at the system for protecting the marine environment of deep-sea, and then I look at what the contractors should actually follow through the guidelines for marine environment impact assessment. In addition, the contents of marine environment protection being discussed in the exploitation regulations(draft) were analyzed. In particular, the issue of the need for public consultation discussing at the ISA for marine environment protection was analyzed, and the environmental performance guarantee, insurance and environmental compensation fund as a financial burden for marine environment protection as well as the use of specialized organizations in environmental impact assessment.
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