그릿과 자기효능감이 고령자의 신체활동 수준에 미치는 영향 : 성별 및 동거유무에 따른 차이

Abstract

This study analyzed the effects of grit and self-efficacy on the physical activity levels of older adults and examined how these effects differ based on gender and co-residence status. To achieve this objective, data were collected and analyzed using a self-reported questionnaire administered to 220 older adults participating in physical activities at private sports centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The findings of the study are summarized as follows: First, grit was found to have a positive effect on the physical activity levels of older adults. Among the components of grit, both persistence of effort and consistency of interest had a significant positive impact on physical activity levels. Notably, the persistence of effort showed a relatively higher contribution than consistency of interest. Second, self-efficacy was identified as a significant factor that positively influenced the physical activity levels of older adults. This suggests that enhancing self-efficacy can effectively promote participation in physical activities among older adults. Third, gender differences were examined, and no significant interaction effects were found between gender and the impact of grit or self-efficacy on physical activity levels. This indicates that grit and self-efficacy influence physical activity levels similarly across genders. Fourth, differences based on co-residence status showed a significant interaction effect between grit and physical activity levels. Specifically, older adults who lived alone exhibited greater changes in physical activity levels based on their levels of grit, suggesting that grit plays a more crucial role in promoting physical activity among non-cohabiting individuals. In contrast, self-efficacy showed no significant interaction effects, indicating that its influence on physical activity levels remains consistent regardless of co-residence status.