우리나라의 D형간염 바이러스 유병률과 임상 양상
The Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Hepatitis-delta Infection in Korea
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목적: 전세계적으로 5% 정도의 HBV 감염자가 HDV에 중복감염되어 있고, HDV의 중복감염은 간염의 급격한 악화와 관련이 있다. 1985년 우리나라의 HBV 유병률이 10% 내외일 때 조사된 anti- delta 양성률은 0.85%였고 2000년 이후 새로운 연구가 없었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라 환자들에서 anti-delta 양성률을 알아보고 HDV와 HBV 중복감염자의 임상 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 2003년 2월부터 8월까지 본원을 방문한 HBsAg 양성 환자 194명을 대상으로 Abbott사의 상품화된 ELISA kit를 사용하여 혈청 총 anti- delta 양성률을 구하였다. 대상 환자의 79% (134명)가 간세포암 환자들이었고, 만성 비활동성 B형간염 보유자 14명, 만성 B형간염 환자 46명이었다. anti-delta 양성군과 음성군으로 나누어 성별, 나이, 가족력, 과거병력, 감염 경로, HBeAg과 HBV DNA 유무, HCV 중복감염 여부 등을 비교 분석하여 anti-delta 양성군의 임상적인 특징을 알아보았고, anti-delta 양성군에서 HBV 유전자형을 알아보았다. 결과: anti-delta 양성률은 전체 194명 중 7명으로 3.6%였다. anti-delta 양성인 7명의 환자 중 6명은 간세포암, 1명은 간내담관암 환자였고 7명 모두 간경변증을 가지고 있었다. anti-delta 양성군과 음성군의 비교에서 성별, 나이, 가족력, 과거병력, 감염 경로, HBeAg의 유무, HCV 중복감염 등은 유의한 차이가 없었고, anti-delta 양성군에서 anti-delta 음성군보다 HBV DNA 음성인 경우가 유의하게 많아서 HDV가 HBV의 증식을 억제하는 소견을 보였다. anti-delta 양성으로 나온 7명의 환자에서 측정한 HBV 유전자형은 모두 C형으로 나왔다. 결론: 이전 연구와 본 연구를 통합해 본 결과, 급성 간염이나 만성 비활동성 B형간염 보유자에서 anti-delta 양성 환자는 한 명도 없었으며, 만성 B형간염 및 간경변증 환자에서는 약 2%, 간세포암 환자에서는 4% 내외의 anti-delta 양성률을 보여 지난 20여 년간 큰 변화는 없는 것으로 보인다. 주로 간세포암 환자에서 HDV 감염이 발견되었고, 이는 만성 B형간염 보유자에서 HDV 중복감염이 있을 경우 임상 경과가 심해지는 것을 반영하는 것이라 할 수 있겠다. 따라서 향후 우리나라 전체적인 HDV 유병률에 대한 확인 연구 및 대처가 필요하겠다.
Abstract
Background/Aims: The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection has been estimated as being approximately 5% among global HBsAg carriers. The anti-delta positive rate in Koreans had been reported as being 0.85% in 1985. While the prevalence of HBV has been decreased from nearly 10% to 5% during the past twenty years, there have been no more studies on the anti-delta prevalence in Koreans. The aim of this study was to estimate the anti-delta prevalence in Koreans and to study the clinical characteristics of anti-delta positive patients in a single center. Methods: Serum anti-delta was measured in one hundred ninety four HBsAg-positive patients who were admitted to our hospital from February 2003 to August 2003. We checked the genotypes of the HBV in the anti-delta positive patients. The clinical features of the anti-delta positive patients were compared to those clinical features of the anti-delta negative patients from the aspect of age, gender, mode of transmission, the positivity of HBeAg and serum HBV DNA. Results: Serum anti-delta was positive in seven patients among the 194 subjects, giving a 3.6% positive rate. Among these seven patients, six had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the other one had cholangiocarcinoma. All of the anti-delta positive patients had the C genotype of HBV. The anti-delta positive patients showed significantly suppressed HBV DNA replication compared to the anti-delta negative patients. Conclusions: In Koreans, anti-delta was positive mainly in HCC patients with an approximate prevalence of 4%, and this rate has not changed much for the past twenty years. HBV DNA replication was suppressed by HDV infection.
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