노인 심부전 환자의 건강 문해력에 따른 심부전 지식과 자가 간호
Relationships between Health Literacy, Knowledge and Self-Care Behaviors in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure
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참고문헌
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초록
목적 : 본 연구는 노인 심부전 환자를 대상으로 건강 문해력을 조사하고 건강 문해력에 따른 심부전 지식, 자가 간호의 차이를 확인하게 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 방법 : 심장혈관 센터에 2015년 3월부터 2015년 6월 까지 내원한 65세 이상의 심부전 환자 166명을 선정하여 설문조사 및 의무기록을 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN version 22.0을 이용하여 통계 처리하였으며 기술통계, t-test, χ² test, 상관관계분석, 공변량 분석을 시행하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 대상자 특성에 따른 건강 문해력은 연령이 낮을수록(p<.001), 남성일수록(p=.001), 대학교 졸업 이상(p<.001), 직업이 있는 사람(p=.004), 경제수준이 높은 사람(p=.006)이 건강 문해력이 높았다. 건강 문해력은 심부전 지식, 자가 간호와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p<.001). 건강 문해력이 높은 군에서 심부전 지식이 높았으며, 자가 간호 유지와 자신감이 높게 나타났다. 그러나 자가 간호 관리와는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 노인 심부전 환자를 위한 교육시 건강 문해력을 고려해야 함을 확인하였다. 향후 노인 심부전 환자의 자가 간호 행위를 향상 시키는데 있어서 건강 문해력을 고려한 간호 중재 프로그램을 개발하여 적용하고 평가하는 연구를 제언한다.
Abstract
Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationships between among health literacy, knowledge and self-care behavior in elderly patients with heart failure(HF). Methods: 166 patients (age 65 years) with HF were recruited in a cardiovascular center of an university affiliated hospital. The structured questionnaire included Health literacy, Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale, European Heart Failure Self-care Behavior, Self-Care of Heart Failure Index. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-test, Pearson correlation analysis, t-test and ANCOVA using SPSS/WIN version 21.0. Results: Participants with the high level of health literacy were more likely to be younger (p=.001), men (p=.001), with more education (p<.001), and have a job (p=.004), and with a higher economic status (p=.005). The positive correlations between the level of health literacy, knowledge, and self-care behavior were confirmed (p<.001). Participants with the high level of health literacy showed higher level of knowledge, more self-care behavior for health maintenance, and confidence. Conclusion: This study shows that the level of health literacy may influence knowledge and self-care behavior in elderly patients with HF. In order to improve self-care behaviors in elderly patients, a strategic nursing approach based on the level of patients’ health literacy needs to be considered.
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