대혜(大慧)의 간화(看話)와 주희의 격물(格物)의 철학적 차이 - 확고한 의지(“先須立決定志”)와 세밀한 학습(“寧煩毋略”)

Abstract

This article seeks to explore distinct philosophical implications of Ta-hui’s 大慧 (1089-1163) K’an-hua 看話 and Zhu-xi’s 朱熹 (1130-1200) Ko-wo 格物. Ta-hui advocates K’an-hua on the basis that ordinary beings are not different from the Buddha, and thus does not regard the process of practice separated from the ultimate purpose of the practice. (不二門, 本來成佛) . The crucial point for the self-revolution (or “cultivation” 修行) in Ta-hui’s Ch’an system lies on the practitioner’s resolute willingness or determination towards the purpose, not on the process of practice, such as accumulation of knowledge; this is the gist of K’an-hua. Zhu-xi defends Ko-wo on the premise that trainees cannot equal to the saints, and thus never belittle the actual gap between the process of learning and the ultimate purpose of learning. For Zhu-xi, the key point of self-improvement (or “learning” 學習) lies on the elaborate learning and its application to particular cases; this is the essence of Ko-wo.