이집트 엘레판틴 섬 유대인들의 YHWH 종교와 YHWH 성전: YHWH는 그곳에서 유일신으로 숭배되었는가?
YHWH Religion and YHWH Temple of Jewish People in Elephantine Island of Egypt: Was only YHWH worshiped in Elephantine Island?
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초록
나일 강 상류에 위치한 엘레판틴 섬의 이름은 구약에서 직접 언급되지는 않지만 ‘수에네’ 또는 ‘시님’이라는 지명으로 기록되었다. 엘레판틴 섬이 구약학 연구에 있어서 중요한 위치를 차지하는 이유는 주전 4세기 초반까지 유대인들은 이곳에 거주하면서 포로기 전후 예루살렘 이외 지역의 유대인들의 YHWH 종교를 확인할 수 있는 수많은 고고학적 자료들을 남겨 놓았기 때문이다. 무엇보다 이 섬이 지닌 가장 매력적인 부분은 YHWH 성전이 존재했다는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적 및 방향은 엘레판틴 섬의 거주민으로 소개되는 ‘유대-아람인들’이 누구인지, 그들이 언제부터 거주하기 시작했는지 그리고 섬에 존재했던 YHWH 성전에 대하여 간략히 언급하고자 한다. 무엇보다 주전 5세기 파피루스와 토기 위에 아람어로 기록된 자료들을 통해서 다음의 두 가지 중요한 사실을 확인 할 수 있다. 첫 번째, 엘레판틴 섬에 거주했던 유대인들은 YHWH만을 숭배한 것이 아니라 다양한 이방신들을 함께 숭배했다는 것이다. 두 번째, 엘레판틴 섬 유대인들 역시 구약의 절기 규범과 비교해보면 비교적 느슨하지만 안식일, 유월절 그리고 무교절과 같은 주요 절기를 지켰다는 사실을 확인할 수 있다.
Abstract
The Elephantine Island located in the upper region of Nile River is not directly mentioned in the Old Testament, but it is written as a place name called Syene or Sinim. The reason why the Elephantine Island is so important for the study of Old Testament is that the Jews who lived until the early of the fourth century B. C. had left lots of archeological data which can identify the YHWH Religion of the Jews who had lived outside Jerusalem before and after the Exiles. The most attractive thing that there was a YHWH temple. The goal and direction of this research is to briefly outline who 'Judeao-Arameans' who are introduced as the residents of this Island are, and when they began to live, and what the YHWH temple which was existed in this Island is. We can confirm two important things through documents written in Aramaic language on Papyrus and Ostraca in the 5th century B. C. First, Jewish people worshipped not only YHWH, but also various foreign gods. Second, we can secure a evidence about rules, which were relatively lax and were related to Sabbath, Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread that were kept by Jewish people of Elephantine Island.
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