구치부 임플란트 지지 고정성 보철물의 재료에 따른 생존율, 성공률 및 합병증에 대한 후향적 연구
Retrospective study on survival, success rate and complication of implant-supported fixed prosthesis according to the materials in the posterior area
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목적: 이 연구의 목적은 구치부 영역에서 임플란트 지지 고정 보철물의 재료에 따른 생존율과 성공률을 후향적으로 조사하는 것이다. 또한 임플란트 지지 고정성 보철물에서 발생하는 합병증의 양상을 관찰하고 실패에 영향을 주는 요인을 평가하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 2011년 1월부터 2018년 6월 사이에 전북대학교 치과병원 치과보철과에서 한 명의 보철전문의에 의해 구치부 임플란트 보철 수복을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 의료기록을 통해 환자의 성별, 연령, 보철물의 재료, 위치, 유형 및 합병증을 조사하였다. 생존율 및 성공률 분석을 위해 Kaplan-Meier 분석법을 이용하였으며, 집단간 비교를 위해 Log-rank test를 사용하였다. 또한 Cox proportional hazards model을 이용하여 위험요소가 성공률에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 결과: 총 245명의 환자에서 364개의 임플란트 보철물이 관찰되었으며, 평균 추적관찰기간은 17.1개월이었다. 전체 임플란트 보철물의 3년, 5년 누적생존율은 각각 97.5%, 91.0%로 관찰되었으며, 총 5개의 임플란트 보철물이 실패하여 제거되었다. 임플란트 보철물의 3년, 5년 누적성공률은 각각 61.1%, 32.9%로 관찰되었으며, 재료, 성별, 연령, 보철물의 위치, 유형은 누적성공률에 영향을 미치지 않았다 (P > .05). 합병증은 인접면 접촉 상실 (53건), 유지력 상실 (17건), 임플란트 주위 점막염 (12건), 저위교합 (4건) 등의 순으로 발생하였다. 결론: 구치부에서 임플란트 지지 고정성 보철물의 높은 누적생존율을 고려할 때, 임플란트는 수복 재료와 상관없이 구치부에서 치아를 대체할 수 있는 신뢰할만한 치료방법으로 생각된다. 그러나 합병증이 빈번히 발생하기 때문에 정기적인 검사와 필요한 경우 수리 및 조정이 매우 중요하다.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the survival and success rate of implant-supported fixed prosthesis according to the materials in the posterior area. Other purposes were to observe the complications and evaluate the factors affecting failure. Materials and methods: Patients who had been restored implant prosthesis in the posterior area by the same prosthodontist in the department of prosthodontics, dental hospital, Chonbuk National University, in the period from January 2011 to June 2018 were selected for the study. The patient’s sex, age, material, location, type of prosthesis and complications were examined using medical records. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival and success rate. The Log-rank test was conducted to compare the differences between the groups. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between potential risk factors and success rate. Results: A total of 364 implants were observed in 245 patients, with an average follow-up of 17.1 months. A total of 5 implant prostheses failed and were removed, and the 3 and 5 year cumulative survival rate of all implant prostheses were 97.5 and 91.0, respectively. The 3 and 5 year cumulative success rate of all implant prostheses were 61.1% and 32.9%, respectively. Material, sex, age, location and type of prosthesis did not affect success rate (P>.05). Complications occurred in the order of proximal contact loss (53 cases), retention loss (17 cases), peri-implant mucositis (12 cases), infraocclusion (4 cases) and so on. Conclusion: Considering a high cumulative survival rate of implant-supported fixed prostheses, regardless of the materials, implant restored in posterior area can be considered as a reliable treatment to tooth replacement. However, regular inspections and, if necessary, repairs and adjustments are very important because of the frequent occurrence of complications.
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