EU 통합과정상 회원국 국내법원의 역할
Role of National Courts in European Integration
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EC법의 해석과 유효성의 판결에 관한 선결적 부탁절차는 EC법의 특성인 직접효력과 우위의 원칙의 적용과 보존을 위해 중요한 역할을 하고 있으며, 모든 회원국에서 EC법이 통일적으로 적용되도록 보장하는 소송제도이다. EC조약 제234조는 ECJ와 국내법원간의 효과적인 사법적 협력의 달성과 EC법의 통일적 적용을 보장하고 있다. 이러한 사법적 협력은 국내법원과 ECJ 양자가 각자의 일정한 관할권을 유지함과 동시에, 동일한 방법에 의해 EC법의 적용을 보장하려는 목적을 공유함으로서 이루어진다. 이로써 양 사법기관은 당해 사건의 확정판결을 내리는데 직접적으로 그리고 보완적으로 상호 기여하게 된다. 마지막으로, 국내법원의 선결적 부탁의무와 관련하여 실제로는 국내법원의 사법정책의 다양성으로 인하여 국내 사법질서상의 혼란을 초래할 수 있다는 점이다. 그러나 이러한 문제는 국내법원으로 하여금 사법정책에 있어서의 정치성을 탈피하여 사법적 정체성을 확립하고, 이로 인한 사법정책의 일관성과 예측가능성을 사실상 강제함으로써 해결될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The European Court of Justice is in fashion, at least in academic circles. Hailed as the creator of the Community legal system and the constitutionaliser of the EC Treaty, the ECJ is no longer the specialised province of European law experts. The explosion of literature on the ECJ has provided important new data and analytical insights in the context of a flourishing theoretical debate. The neo-functionalist model continues to provide a remarkably accurate account of the process of legal integration, with its emphasis on a community of sub- and supra-national actors pursuing their self-interest in a nominally apolitical context. However, the model must be refined and coupled with more precise specifications of the interests driving participants in the process and the constraints they face in pursuing those interests. These participants include both state and social actors as well as the ECJ. This Paper has sought to draw on the new literature to specify those interests and constraints, taking a preliminary look at the types of litigants most likely to use the ECJ and parsing the motives of national courts in accepting or rejecting the doctrines of direct effect and supremacy. The result will not be a comprehensive single theory of legal integration, but a better understanding of the richness and complexity of the ECJ's achievement.
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