Public assistance and cost advantage of EU peripheral regions for FDI
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유럽연합의 동유럽 확대 이후 한국 대기업의 직접투자는 기존의 서유럽 낙후지역과 신규회원국인 동유럽지역에 80 퍼센트 이상 집중적으로 분포되어있다. 유럽내 대표적 낙후지역인 이 지역들이 제조업직접투자에 매력적인 이유는 무엇인가? 본 연구는 이들 낙후지역들이 가지는 가장 큰 잇점을 ‘저렴한 생산비용’으로 파악하고, 이를 분석함에 있어 기존 연구들이 체계적으로 다루지 못하고 있는 투자보조금과 세금감면혜택 등 개별지역정부가 제공하는 투자유치관련 공공지원정책의 중요성을 강조한다. 특히 서유럽 낙후지역은 비교적 저렴한 노동력(임금)의 이점 뿐만 아니라, 여타 발전된 서유럽지역이나 동유럽지역보다 월등히 높은 수준의 투자보조금과 세금감면혜택을 제공함으로써, 확대된 유럽연합내에서도 동유럽 지역과 함께 저렴한 생산비용의 잇점을 유지하고 있음을 강조한다. 또한 본 연구는 낙후지역정부의 다양한 직접투자관련 공공지원정책이 유럽연합의 지역발전정책(예: 목적 1 과 목적 2 정책) 과 상당부분 연계되어 이루어지고 있음을 강조한다.
Abstract
This paper basically seeks to systematically analyze ‘production cost advantages’ of EU peripheral regions such as Objective 1 & 2 regions in terms of the FDI host location. By especially looking at the nature and the role of public assistance including investment subsides and fiscal grants, it provides better understanding on the low production cost advantages that EU peripheral regions offer to Korean foreign direct investors. Less developed areas in the older member countries offer relatively low labour cost advantages and they also provide a significant amount of investment subsidy for Korean investors. For the case of CEE regions, it is also true that public assistance including low corporate tax rates and the use of fiscal subsidies have largely reduced the corporate tax burden of foreign investors in the region. Eastern Europe also provides very lower production costs than other non-peripheral EU regions. Therefore, peripheral regions of the enlarged EU offer a lower production cost benefit than other non-peripheral regions as largely thanks to their public assistance policies that are closely related with the EU Structural Fund Scheme.
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