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Why is Eastern Europe attractive for FDI

황기식
한국유럽학회 (The Korean Society Of Contemporary European Studies)|2007.12|유럽연구 (The Journal of Contemporary European Studies)|제25권 제3호|pp. 155-182|DOI 10.17052/jces.2007.25.3.155

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키워드

FDI외국인 직접투자비교우위시장효과유럽연합 동유럽 확대관세와 무역효과EU eastward enlargementTariff and trade effectMarket effectComparative advantages
주제분류지역학

초록

2004년 유럽연합가입 이후 동유럽 10개국으로의 외국인직접투자가 급격히 증가하고 있다. EU 단일 시장 내에서 기존의 (서유럽) 회원국보다 훨씬 저렴한 생산비용을 제공하는 점이 이들 신규가입국의 제일 큰 매력으로 설명되고 있다. 본 연구는 이런 생산비용의 이점 외에 동유럽 국가의 개선된 경제적 환경과 발달된 과학기술수준에 대한 분석의 중요성을 강조한다. 유럽연합 가입의 긍정적 경제효과를 ‘관세와 무역효과’, 그리고 ‘시장 효과’로 구분하여 분석하고, 이런 효과에 의해 EU 가입이전과는 크게 달라진 직접 투자환경을 자세히 설명한다. 또한 일차자료 분석의 결과 이들 동유럽 국가들이 EU 역내 여타 직접투자 경쟁지역들 (서유럽 낙후지역 또는 남동유럽국가들)에 비해과학기술의 발달 수준에 있어서도 비교우위를 보이고 있다는 점을 강조한다. 연구개발 (R&D)환경, 기술 혁신구조, 그리고 과학기술 교육의 질 등의 다양한 분야의 지표들이 분석된다. 이런 향상된 경제적 환경과 발달된 과학기술 수준은 제조업 관련 직접투자 기업들에게 유리한 투자환경을 제공하고 있음을 강조한다.

Abstract

The ten Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) became a new popular location for would-be foreign investors within the enlarged EU. The main purpose of this research is to present some of the more theoretical and empirical analysis on the upgrading of locational advantage of the new member CEECs. The impact of EU full membership should bring about significant change to economic and technological environment of the CEECs. So in order to analyze the locational attractiveness of the CEECs more correctly, this paper tries to take into account one of major locational factors, ‘economic and scientific/technological environment’ of the new member Eastern countries. It basically explores some positive effects of EU membership on economic conditions of the new member Eastern countries. It then also tries to show that new EU member CEE countries possess other comparative advantages to complement low cost, such as relatively well-developed scientific and technological environment (e.g., R& D/innovation terms and many high technology/high skilled industries). This advantage makes CEEC-10 more attractive to a potential overseas investor.

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