2013년 이탈리아 총선과 레타 정부
2013 Italian Political Elections and Letta Government
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2013년 2월 치러진 총선에서 상하원 공히 다수를 점하는 정치세력이 나오지 못하는 위 기 상황이 지속되었다. 이는 선거제도의 특이성에서 기원하는데 주요 정당들은 그간 제도개정에 대한 필요성은 공감하면서도 정치적 이해의 상충으로 이번 선거와 같은 문제를 야 기하였다. 위기는 4월 공화국의 대통령 선거를 치루면서 기존의 나폴리타노 대통령이 재 선되면서 국면 전환이 되었으며 좌파와 우파가 대연정을 통해 동거내각을 구성하는 방식으로 일단락되었다. 이 논문은 이러한 상황 전개를 통해 출범한 레타 정부의 구성과 그 배경을 살피면서 과 연 1993년 이후 탄생한 ‘제 2 공화국’이 생명을 다하고 새로운 시대를 열 수 있는가에 초점을 맞출 것이다. 여기에는 몇 가지 전망이 가능한데 저자는 취약성에도 불구하고 현 정 부의 수명이 중기적 가능성이 있으며, 이를 통해 신생 정치 세력을 견제하면서 기존 정치 구도를 개혁하는 이중적 정치 변동을 보여줄 것으로 전망하고 있다.
Abstract
Political elections of 2013 were resulted in hung parliament in which center-left could gain majority in the House of Representatives thanks to the prize system of the electoral law of 2005, but could not control over the Senate. This was because in case of Senate, prize system was calculated under the principle of regional constituencies, different from the House whereby prize is determined by national unit. After a series of consultation initiated by Luigi Bersani who is the head of center-left coalition, no clear majority has been formulated. This government crisis could be solved through the election of the new president of the republic and finally Enrico Letta presented a government bill made of both from the left and the right. This national unity government is supposed to deliver a lot of reform bills, but the prospect is somewhat uncertain. Throughout the research, this paper discovered following points at issue. First, Letta Administration might survive more than 18 months. This is because both parties in the government can not be sure of the possible election results. Second,necessary reforms are needed to win over the financial crisis of Italy. Outgoing Monti government was successful in that austerity measures are kept as scheduled. But general atmosphere does not afford such sacrifices any more. Lastly, from the longer term perspective as to the political change, Italy should find appropriate means to reforms and growth friendly policies. Without restoring competitivity at the European and global level, situation in Italy will aggravate in the coming years.
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