구 사회주의 유럽 국가들의 알후스 협약 이행을 위한 도전과제들과 그 극복방향에 대한 전망: 환경관련의사결정에서의 대중 참여 중심으로
The Challenges faced by old socialist European states in implementing the Aarhus Convention and the prospect (Focused on Public Participation in Environmental Decision-making)
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알후스 협약의 환경관련의사결정에서의 대중 참여 부문은 환경관련의사결정과정에 있어 환경정보를 확보한 행위자들이 의사결정과정에 참여하여 확보한 정보에 대한 그 투명성과 공정성을 강화한다. 그리고 그 검증된 정보를 반영하고 궁극적인 환경정책 마련으로 이어진다는 점에서 알후스 협약의 세 축 중 가장 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 알후스 협약의 환경관련의사결정에서의 대중 참여 부문 구 사회주의 유럽 국가들의소수 이행 사례를 통해 협약 위반 내용과 추후 조치들을 살펴본다. 아울러서 그 이후이행 시 극복해야 할 도전과제들을 파악해보고 향후 그 이행 전망과 그 도전과제들의극복방향을 제시해보는 데 있다. 구 사회주의 유럽 국가들 사례들에서 발견된 정보제공 제한성과 전달의 폐쇄성, 상명하복식의 일방적인 정보통보, 공공기관 관료들의 국가 우선 인식과 특권의식이라는 도전과제들은 당분간 극복하기에는 그 한계가 있을 것으로 보인다. 그러나 환경문제 관련소 행정단위 지자체들의 그 사안 관련 지역 주민들을 위한 토론의 장이나 공청회 등의정기적이며 빈도 높은 개최와 그 홍보, 주어진 환경문제 해결 선택 안들의 공개투표시스템과 온라인 공개 방식 제도의 장려는 그 극복에 있어 긍정적인 효과를 제공할 수 있을것으로 보인다. 또한 환경관련 공공기관과 시민 단체들 간의 더욱 심층적인 관계 향상역시 구 사회주의 유럽 국가들이 알후스 협약 두 번째 축의 이행측면에서 발생할 수 있는 그 도전과제들을 극복할 수 있는 또 다른 방향을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
Actors with secured environmental information in environmental decision making process can have the secured information verified by strengthening the transparency and the fairness in the environmental decision making process. And the verified information is reflected in the process and ultimately leads to drawing up of a environmental policy. In that perspective, the pillar of the public participation in environmental decision making is the most overarching of the Aarhus Convention’s 3 pillars. The paper takes aim at delving into a few of the non compliance cases of some of the old socialist European states in the policy area and suggesting ways to overcome the challenges in the implementation and bringing forward the prospect. The potential challenges to be overcome in the cases, the restrictiveness in providing information and the closure in disseminating information, the one-sided command and discipline way to inform and the priority of the state over the public by public officials with their privileged mind-set over the public are thought to be hard to overcome for the time being. However, holding regular and frequent discussions or hearings about the environmentally concerned issues for the related local by the concerned small unit administrative local governments, encouraging open voting on given options for the matter and making it public online, and enhancing the relationship between NGOs and environmentally related public organizations further, seem to point to the direction to overcome the challenges that can occur in the old socialist European states implementing the 2nd pillar of the Aarhus Convention.
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