영국의 재생에너지 정책에 대한 정치적 과정 연구
The Political Factors Study of the United Kingdom’s Climate Change Policies - Shift from Renewable Obligation to Feed-in Tariff
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초록
한 국가 내부에서 국제제도가 요구하는 수준을 맞추기 위해 기후변화 정책과 재생에너지 제도를 도입하고자 할 때, 정책의 내용과 수준은 국가 별로 상이하다. 본 연구는 재생에너지 증진 정책을 분석함에 있어 총리와 유관부서와 같은 정책결정자들의 정치적 이익에 따라 결정된다고 주장한다. 위 주장을 검증하기 위해서 2000년부터 2015년까지를 기준으로 영국의 재생에너지 증진 정책인 재생에너지 의무할당제도와 발전차액지원제도를 분석함으로서 사례분석을 시행하였다. 이를 통해 환경정책의 도입과 전환이 정치인들의 재선에 있어 도움이 되는지와 함께 유관부서의 연합과 갈등에 따라 두 제도간 의 전환이 발생하게 된다. 이는 기후변화 이슈를 넘어선 전반적인 정책도입 과정을 분석함에 있어 중요한 점은 정책의 효과성이 아닌 정책결정자들의 정치가 중요하다는 점을 제공하는 분석결과라고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
When countries introduce climate change policies to meet international standards, the policy content and level of importance vary across countries. This study argues that the criteria politicians and officials use for analysis of renewable energy promotion policies are not based on the scientific recommendations for promoting renewable energy but determined only by the political interests of policy-makers such as the Prime Minister and relevant departments. To verify the argument, the study conducted a case analysis of the Renewable Obligation and the Feed-in Tariff—the UK’s renewable energy promotion policy programs—from 2000 to 2015. The results of the case analysis indicate that the difference in the choice between the two programs depends on which program is more in line with coalitions and conflicts of the related departments, as well as reelection of politicians. This finding suggests the importance of policy-makers’ politics in the analysis of the policy-making process in general that goes beyond the climate change issue.
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