국민연금의 명목확정기여방식 도입 타당성 분석: 스웨덴과 노르웨이 사례를 중심으로
Analysis on the Validity of Introduction to Notional Defined Contribution
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초록
본 연구는 국민연금에서 NDC 도입의 타당성 분석을 목적으로 이루어졌다. 이를 위하여 NDC를 성공적으로 운영하고 있는 스웨덴과 노르웨이 두 국가의 NDC 사례분석을수행하였다. 그리고 두 국가에서 운영 중인 NDC제도를 평가한 후, 한국에서 도입하는방안에 대한 타당성 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구 결과에 의하면, 현재 한국에서는 NDC를 도입하기에 제도 및 환경적 측면에서 타당성이 부족하다고 판단된다. 즉, 국민연금은 향후에도 모수개혁을 통한 재정안정화의 가능성이 있으며, 현재 국민연금은 가입율 및 가입기간을 높이기 위한 내실화의시간이 필요하기 때문이다. 또한 양질의 고령근로가 어려운 노동시장 환경과 불안정한다층노후소득보장체제로 인하여, NDC로의 개혁 시 급여수준의 하락을 보완할 수 있는방안이 마련되어 있지 않은 상황이라고 판단되기 때문이다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine Notional Defined Contribution in Swedish and Norwegian pension and analyze the validity of introduction to Notional Defined Contribution in the National Pension. Thus, first of all, previous literature is reviewed in terms of theoretical characteristics of the NDC. Then, Swedish pension and Norwegian pension are analysed focused on NDC system. Finally, the validity of introduction to Notional Defined Contribution in the National Pension is analysed after evaluating NDC system in two countries. As a result, it is too early to introduce the NDC system in the National Pension due to following reasons. Firstly, there is room for parametric reform in the National Pension because of low contribution rate. Secondly, the coverage of the National Pension is low and the contribution period of the National Pension is short due to late introduction of the National Pension(1988). Thirdly, labor market for the elderly is unstable. It means that it is not easy for the elderly to earn income from the labor market in addition to reduced public pension. Finally, occupational pension as second pillar rarely play a role in income security for the elderly. Thus, role of public pension as defined benefit system is very important in Korea until now.
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