유럽 응용과학대학의 의의와 시사점
Significance and Implications of the European University of Applied Sciences
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이 글은 1990년대 이후 유럽 여러 국가에서 새로운 고등교육기관으로 자리매김한 응용과학대학의 개념과 발전과정, 역할을 간략히 살펴보고, 고등교육체제에서 어떤 의의를 갖는지 살펴보았다. 응용과학대학은 1980년대 이후 급격한 고등교육 수요 팽창에 대응하는 과정에서 도입되었으며, 국가별로 발전과정은 조금씩 상이하지만 공통적으로 직업세계와의 강한 연관성을 가진 분야에 대한 전문인력 양성과 문제해결형 응용연구를 지향한다. 응용과학대학이 유럽 고등교육체제에서 갖는 의의는 크게 3가지로 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 고숙련화에 의한 고등교육 및 평생학습 수요 증가에 직접적으로 대응하는 고등교육기관으로서 역할을 수행하고 있다. 둘째, 전통적 대학과 명확히 구분되는 역할과 임무를 수행함으로서 고등교육체제 전반의 합리성을 증진시켰다. 셋째, 전문인력 양성과 응용연구를 추구하는 응용과학대학 고유의 지향으로, 전통적 대학에 비해 지역 특색과의 맞춤이 필요한 지역혁신에 강하게 기여하고 있다. 응용과학대학의 이러한 역할은 오늘날 한국 사회에도 요구되는 것이므로, 대학과 전문대학으로 구분되는 기존의 이원체제에 응용과학대학을 더하는 삼원체제로의 혁신이 필요하다.
Abstract
This article briefly examines the concept, development process, and role of the University of Applied Science, which has established itself as a new institution of higher education in many European countries since the 1990s, and examines its significance in the higher education system. The University of Applied Sciences was introduced in the process of responding to the rapid expansion of higher education demand since the 1980s. Although the development process varies slightly from country to country, it is common to cultivate professional manpower in fields with strong connection to the professional world and research on problem-solving applications. The significance of the University of Applied Science in the European higher education system can be largely seen in three ways. First, it is playing a role as a higher education institution that directly responds to the increase in demand for higher education and lifelong learning caused by higher proficiency. Second, it improved the efficiency of the overall higher education system by performing roles and tasks that are clearly distinguished from those of traditional universities. Third, as the university's unique intention to foster professional manpower and pursue applied research, it is contributing strongly to regional innovation that requires alignment with regional characteristics compared to traditional universities. Such functions are needed to Korean society, binary higher education system should be innovated toward tripartite system, which are university, college and university of applied sciences.
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