영국 지방분권 논의: 권한이양 협정(Devolution Deals)을 중심으로
Study on the UK Devolution: UK’s Devolution Deals
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초록
본 연구는 영국의 권한이양 협정(Devolution Deals) 과정을 추적하여 단방제 국가에서의 지방분권 과정의 다양성을 확인하고자 한다. 특히 본 연구는 기존 영국의 권한이양 과정을 3개의 지역정부(스코틀랜드, 웨일즈, 북아일랜드)로 나누어 추적하는 한편 잉글랜드 지역의 경우 최근 등장하는 도시정부로의 권한이양(City Deals)으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과 영국의 권한이양 과정은 기존 3개 이양 정부에서도 중앙정부의 잔류권한 범위와 지역 이양 권한이 구분되고, 3개 지역의 이양정부의 권한 또한 지역에 따라 다르다는 것을 확인하였다. 동시에 잉글랜드 지역의 도시정부 권한이양은 중앙정부의 일괄적인 하향식 권한 이양이 아닌, 협상 제안서를 제출한 도시 및 도시지역이 서로 다른 내용의 협상을 진행한다는 점을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 영국의 지방분권이 중앙정부의 통일된 권한이양이 아닌 중앙정부와 지역정부 간의 지속적인 협상(Deals)의 결과물이기에 지방분권 과정에서 나타나는 다양한 분권형태를 연구할 필요성을 제시한
Abstract
This study seeks to track the UK's Devolution Deals process to determine the diversity of decentralization processes in unilateral countries. This study tracked the existing UK transfer process by dividing it into three local governments (Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland). Also, in England's case, the recent development of the City Deals since 2014 was introduced. The study found that the UK's regional devolution process was conducted based on the individual Act between the central government and the devolved regional governments. Simultaneously, the research confirmed that devolution in the city government was not a full-scale top-down transfer of the central government. Instead, the city devolution in England regions followed the strict process that submitted the devolution proposals with different regional contexts. The UK's decentralization is the result of continuous negotiations between central and regional governments (Deals) rather than a unified transfer of central government. Therefore, this study suggests the need to study the various decentralization forms that emerge in the process of decentralization.
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