공감-체계화 유형에 따른 얼굴 표정 읽기의 차이 - 정서읽기와 정서변별을 중심으로 -
Difference in reading facial expressions as the empathy-systemizing type - focusing on emotional recognition and emotional discrimination -
0
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 공감-체계화 유형, 얼굴제시영역, 정서유형에 따른 정서 인식과 정서 변별 간 관계를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 실험 1에서는 개인의 공감-체계화 유형, 얼굴제시영역, 정서유형에 따라 정서 인식 정도가 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보았다. 그 결과 공감-체계화 유형에 따른 정서 인식 정도에는 유의미한 차이가 없었고, 얼굴제시영역과 정서유형에 따른 차이는 유의미하게 나타났다. 실험 2에서는 과제를 바꾸어 개인의 공감-체계화 유형, 얼굴제시영역, 정서 유형에 따라 정서 변별 정도에 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 그 결과 얼굴제시영역과 정서 유형에 따른 정서 변별 정도에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 공감-체계화 유형과 정서유형 간 유의미한 상호작용이 있었는데, 기본정서에서는 공감-체계화 유형에 따른 변별 정도가 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 복합정서에서는 공감-체계화 유형 간 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 즉, 정서 인식과 달리 정서 변별에 있어서는 정서 유형에 따라 공감-체계화 유형 간 정확률에 차이가 나타났다. 이는 정서를 인식하는 것과 변별하는 것이 공감-체계화 유형에 따라 다르게 나타난다는 것을 보여준다. 본 연구를 통해 한 개인이 가지고 있는 공감하기와 체계화하기 특성, 얼굴제시영역, 정서유형이 정서인식과 정서 변별에 서로 다른 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 밝혔다.
Abstract
Mind reading is an essential part of normal social functioning and empathy plays a key role in social understanding. This study investigated how individual differences can have an effect on reading emotions in facial expressions, focusing on empathizing and systemizing. Two experiments were conducted. In study 1, participants performed emotion recognition test using facial expressions to investigate how emotion recognition can be different as empathy-systemizing type, facial areas, and emotion type. Study 2 examined how emotion recognition can be different as empathy-systemizing type, facial areas, and emotion type. An emotion discrimination test was used instead, with every other condition the same as in studies 1. Results from study 2 showed mostly same results as study 1: there were significant differences among facial areas and emotion type and also have an interaction effect between facial areas and emotion type. On the other hand, there was an interaction effect between empathy-systemizing type and emotion type in study 2. That is, how much people empathize and systemize can make difference in emotional discrimination. These results suggested that the empathy-systemizing type was more appropriate to explain emotion discrimination than emotion recognition.
참고문헌 (32)
- 김혜리, "그 남자의 뇌, 그 여자의 뇌" (2006), 바다출판사
- 노승관, "디지털 콘텐츠를 위한 얼굴유형과 표정생성 연구", 디지털 영상 학술지, 3(1), pp.79~105 (2006)
- 이정헌, "얼굴표정의 제시유형과 얼굴제시영역에 따른 정서 인식 효과", 석사, pp.2007
- 조경자, "정서 상태와 얼굴표정간의 연결 능력의 발달", 감성과학, 10(1), pp.127~138 (2007), 한국감성과학회
- Ambady, N., "On judging and being judged accurately in zero-acquaintance situations", Journal of personality and social psychology, 69(3), pp.518~529 (1995)
- Baron-Cohen, S., "The Empathy Quotient: an investigation of adults with asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences", Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 34(2), pp.163~175 (2004)
- Baron-Cohen, S., "The Systemizing Quotient: An investigation of adults with asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism, and normal sex differences", Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 358, pp.361~374 (2003)
- Baron-Cohen, S., "Is there a "language of the eyes?" Evidence from normal adults and adults with autism and Asperger syndrome", Visual Cognition, 4(3), pp.311~331 (1997)
- Biele, C., "Sex differences in perception of emotion intensity in dynamic and static facial expressions", Experimental Brain Research, 171(1), pp.1~6 (2006)
- Boucher, J., "Facial areas and emotional information", Journal of Communications, 25, pp.21~29 (1975)
- Caron, A.J., "Infant discrimination of naturalistic emotional expressions: The role of face and voice", Child Development, 59, pp.604~616 (1988)
- Coleman, J.C., "Facial expressions of emotion", Psychological Monographs, 63(296) (1949)
- Costanzo, M., "Interpreting the expressive behavior of others: The Interpersonal Perception Task", Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 13(4), pp.225~245 (1989)
- Dunlap, K., "The role of eye muscles and mouth muscles in the expression of the emotions", Genetic Psychology Monographs, 2, pp.197~233 (1927)
- Edwards, R., "The relationship between children's sociometric status and ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion", European journal of social psychology, 14(2), pp.235~238 (1984)
- Ekman, P., "Methods for measuring facial action in of methods in nonverbal behavior research" (1982), Cambrige Universtiy Press
- Ekman, P., "Constants across cultures in the face and emotion", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17, pp.124~129 (1971)
- Focquaert, F., "Empathizing and systemizing cognitive traits in the sciences and humanities", Personality and Individual Differences, 43(3), pp.619~625 (2007)
- Frois-Wittmann, J., "The judgment of facial expression" (1930), Princeton University
- Goldenfeld, N., "Empathizing and systemizing in males, females, and autism", International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 2, pp.338~345 (2005)
- Hall, J.A., "Gender effects in decoding nonverbal cues", Psychological Bulletin, 85, pp.845~858 (1978)
- Hanawalt, N.G., "The role of the upper and the lower parts of the face as the basis for judging facial expressions: II. In posed expressions and “candid camera” pictures", Journal of General Psychology, 31, pp.23~36 (1944)
- Harris, P.L., "Children's understanding of the link between situation and emotion", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology: General, 114, pp.169~180 (1985)
- Murphy, N.A., "Accurate intelligence assessments in social interactions: Mediators and gender effects", Journal of Personality, 71, pp.465~493 (2003)
- Nakamura, C.Y., "Relative effectiveness of socially oriented and task oriented children and predictability of their behaviors", Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 45(3, pp.4) (1980), 1~109
- Nelson, C., "The recognition of facial expression in the first two tears of life : Mechanism of development", Child Development, 58, pp.889~909 (1987)
- Oltman, P.K., "Group embedded figures test" (1971), Consulting Psychologists Press
- Ruckmick, C.A., "A preliminary study of the emotions", Psychology Monographs, 30, pp.30~35 (1921)
- Smiley, P., "Yonung Children's acquisition of emotion concepts in Children's understanding of emotion", pp.27~49 (1989), Cambridge University Press
- Wakabayashi, A., "Development of short forms of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ-Short)", Personality and Individual Differences, 41(5), pp.929~940 (2006)
- Walden, T.A., "Discrimination of facial expressions by preschool children", Child Development, 53(5), pp.1312~1319 (1982)
- Walden, T.A., "Preschool children's social competence and production and discrimination of affective expressions", British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 8, pp.65~76 (1990)