자폐성향과 공감-체계화능력간의 관계
The relationship between autistic features and empathizing-systemizing traits
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초록
본 연구에서는 대학생을 대상으로 자폐적 성향과 공감하기 및 체계화하기능력간의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 1에서는 대학생 355명을 대상으로 자폐스펙트럼(AQ) 척도, 공감하기(EQ) 척도, 체계화하기(SQ-R) 척도를 실시하였다. 그 결과 AQ 점수는 EQ 점수, D 점수(각 개인의 공감하기 수준과 체계화하기 수준의 상대적 차이)와는 부적상관을 보였으나, SQ-R 점수와는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이 결과는 자폐성향이 강할수록 공감하기 능력은 떨어지나, 체계화하기 능력과는 관계가 없음을 보여준다. 연구 2에서는 연구 1의 실험참가자의 AQ 점수에 근거하여 자폐적 성향이 높은 집단과 그렇지 않은 집단을 분류한 후 자폐적 성향(유, 무), 얼굴제시영역(얼굴전체, 눈, 입), 정서유형(기본, 복합)에 따라 얼굴표정읽기 능력이 어떻게 달라지는지 알아보았다. 그 결과 자폐적 성향이 없는 집단에 비해 자폐적 성향이 높은 집단이, 기본정서보다는 복합정서에서 과제 정확률이 더 떨어졌고, 얼굴전체 영역, 눈 영역, 입 영역 순으로 과제 수행이 낮았는데, 특히 눈 조건에서 자폐적 성향이 높은 집단이 그렇지 않은 집단에 비해 정서읽기능력이 떨어지는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 공감능력, 얼굴표정읽기능력이 자폐적 성향과 관계가 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study consists of two sections to figure out the relationship between autistic features and empathizing-systemizing traits . For the first section, the research involved 355 university students to measure their EQ, SQ-R and AQ. As a result, it is found that AQ was negatively correlated to EQ, and D score(relative difference between EQ and SQ-R of the individuals), but it was not significantly related to SQ-R. It means that the subject has high AQ if he has relatively lower EQ than SQ-R. For the second section, the subjects were divided into two groups based on their AQ score; the subjects who had a tendency of autism and the subjects who did not. The test measured how these two groups were different in terms of facial expressions' recognition according to the tendency of autism, facial expression presenting areas(whole face, eyes-alone, mouth-alone) and different types of emotions(basic and complex emotions). As a result, the subjects who had a tendency of autism were lower at judging facial expressions than the subjects who did not. Also, the results showed that the subjects judged better on the condition of basic emotions more than complex emotions, the whole face more than eyes-alone and mouth-alone. Especially, for the eyes-alone condition, the subjects who had a tendency of autism were lower at judging facial expressions than the subjects who did not. This study suggests that empathizing traits and facial expressions' recognition are related to the tendency of autism.
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