고령운전자의 접근/회피동기와 삶의 만족 사이의 관계: 이동성과 정서성의 매개효과
The Relationship Between Older Drivers' BIS/BAS and Life Satisfaction: Mediating Effects of Mobility and Affectivity
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고령운전자의 이동성과 삶의 만족 사이의 정적관계는 잘 알려져 있다(e. g., Collins, 2008). 그러나 본 연구에서는 이러한 관련성이 고령운전자의 동기, 이동성 속성 및 정서성에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 제시하고자 한다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 고령운전자의 접근/회피동기에 따라 이동성 속성이 달라질 수 있는지, 그리고 이동성 속성에 따른 삶의 만족 수준에서의 차이를 긍정/부정정서가 차별적으로 매개하는지 비교하였다. 132명의 만 65세 이상 고령운전자를 대상으로 접근/회피동기 척도(BIS/BAS, Carver & White, 1994), 이동성 척도(장혜란 등, 2009),긍정/부정정서 척도(SPANAS, Diener et al., 2009) 및 삶의 만족 척도(SWLS, Diener et al., 1985)를 사용한 면대면설문조사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였고, 상관분석과 경로분석을 통해 수집된 자료 사이의 관련성을 검토하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고령운전자의 접근동기는 사회활동을 위한 운전량(Amount of Driving for Social Activity: 이하 ‘DSA’)에 정적으로, 반면 회피동기는 물리적 운전량(Amount of Driving Measured by Distance and Time: 이하 'AD')에 부적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 접근동기는 DSA를 매개로 긍정정서에 정적인 영향을 미친 반면 회피동기는 AD를 매개로한 정서와의 관련성이 관찰되지 않았다. 둘째, 긍정정서는 DSA와 삶의 만족 사이의 관계를 완전매개하는 효과를 보였으나 AD는 정서성과 삶의 만족 사이의 관계에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과들은 고령운전자의 운전 속성, 동기, 정서성 그리고 삶의 만족 사이의 상호관련성을 이해하는데 기초적인 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The positive relationship between older driver's mobility and life satisfaction is well established(e. g., Collins, 2008). The present study showed that this relationship can be changed by older drivers' motivation, aspects of mobility, and affectivity. Specifically, this study examined whether aspects of mobility(amount of driving measured by travel distance and time: 'AD' or amount of driving for social activity: 'DSA') can be differed as a function of approach/avoidance motivation(measured by BIS/BAS scale, Carver et al., 1994) and positive/negative affect(PA/NA; measured by SPANAS, Diener et al., 2009) mediate the relationship between the aspects of mobility and life satisfaction(measured by SWLS, Diener et al., 1985). Self-reported scores of the variables of 132 older drivers(ages of over 65) were analyzed using correlation analysis and path analysis. The results can be summarized as followings. First, the older driver's BAS was found to be positively related to DSA, but BIS was negatively to AD. In particular, DSA positively mediated the relationship between BAS and PA. Second, PA, in turn, positively mediated the relationship between DSA and life satisfaction. The results can provide useful insights to understand the relationship between older driver’s driving property, motivation, affectivity and life satisfaction.
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