문화유사 및 공감이 도움의향에 미치는 영향: 세계시민주의의 조절된 매개효과 검증
The Influence of Cultural Similarity and Empathy on Helping Intention: Testing the Moderated Mediating Effect of Cosmopolitanism
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기존 심리학 연구에 의하면, 사람들이 본인과 유사한 대상에게 더 높은 수준의 도움을 제공하고자 하는 까닭은본인과 유사한 내집단 구성원에게 더 높은 공감을 경험하기 때문이다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 도움의향에 있어서의내집단 편향의 크기를 매개하는 공감의 효과를 세계시민주의 수준이 조절하는지를 검증하기 위하여 실시되었다. 본연구에서 참가자들은 문화 유사성 수준이 각기 다른 국가 출신의 교환 학생들에 대한 설명을 읽고, 공감 수준과 도움의향, 세계시민주의 성향을 측정하는 문항에 응답하였다. 연구 결과, 도움을 필요로 하는 대상과의 문화 유사성과 도움의향의 관계를 공감이 매개한다는 사실이 확인되었으며, 문화 유사성과 공감의 매개 모형에 있어서의 세계시민주의의조절효과가 지지되었다. 구체적으로, 세계시민주의 의식이 낮은 사람 참가자들은 대상과의 문화 유사성이 높을 때더 높은 공감 수준을 보였지만, 세계시민주의 의식이 높은 참가자들은 대상과의 문화 유사성이 높고 낮음과 관계없이도움이 필요한 대상에게 유사한 수준의 공감 수준을 보여주는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Prior research suggested that people generally show stronger intentions to help in-group members because people experience higher levels of empathy for those who are similar to themselves. The present research demonstrated that one’s levels of cosmopolitanism would moderate the mediating role of empathy on the relationship between cultural similarities and helping intentions. In particular, it was examined how the mediator (empathy) affected the relation between cultural similarity and helping intention for participants with low to high levels of cosmopolitanism. Results indicated that participants with lower levels of cosmopolitanism showed stronger empathy as targets are more culturally similar to participants’ own culture. Participants with higher levels of cosmopolitanism, however, reported the same levels of empathy regardless of targets’ cultural similarity. The implications and limitations of the results were discussed.
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