초등 6학년 아동의 성별과 또래지위에 따른 공감하기 및 체계화하기 차이
Sex and Peer Status Differences in Empathizing and Systemizing: Data From Korean 6 graders
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초록
남녀 간의 인지적, 행동적 차이는 공감하기와 체계화하기 차원으로 설명될 수 있다는 Baron-Cohen의 공감하기-체계화하기 이론을 검증하였다. 성별과 또래지위에 따라 공감하기와 체계화하기 수준이 다른지 알아보기 위해 초등학교 6학년 아동을 대상으로 공감능력을 측정하는 마음읽기 과제와 공감하기․체계화하기․자폐 성향을 측정하는 척도인 EQ-C, SQ-C, AQ-C 및 또래지명을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 각 아동의 공감하기 수준과 체계화하기 수준의 상대적 차이는 성별과 또래지위에 따라 달라서, 여아와 인기 아동은 체계화하기에 비해 공감하기 수준이 더 높았고 남아와 거부 아동은 체계화하기 수준이 더 높았다. 또 각 아동의 공감하기와 체계화하기의 상대적 수준에 따라 인지유형을 나누었을 때, 남아와 거부 아동은 공감하기보다 체계화하기 성향이 더 강한 S형과 극단적 S형에 더 많았고 여아와 인기 아동은 공감하기 성향이 더 강한 E형과 극단적 E형에 더 많았다. 또한 자폐적 성향은 E형과 극단적 E형보다 S형과 극단적 S형에서 더 높았다. 공감하기와 체계화하기 수준의 상대적 차이가 성차뿐만 아니라 자폐적 성향을 설명할 수 있다는 공감하기-체계화하기 이론이 지지되었다.
Abstract
According to Baron-Cohen (2003), differences between male and female could be explained by two psychological dimensions: empathizing and systemizing. Systemizing is the drive to analyze systems or construct systems, and empathizing is the drive to identify mental states and respond to these with an appropriate emotion. Sex and peer status differences of mindreading abilities, empathizing and systemizing were tested with Korean 6th graders. Students were given TOM tasks and self-report questionnaires assessing the systemizing, empathizing and autistic tendencies: SQ-C, EQ-C and AQ-C. More females and popular students were categorized as the “empathizer” in whom empathizing is stronger than systemizing, but more males and rejected students were as the “systemizer” in whom systemizing is stronger than empathizing. In addition, the systemizers scored significantly higher than the empatizer on the AQ-C, suggesting that people with high systemizing have higher levels of autistic features.
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