남자고등학교 교실냄새에 대한 뇌파반응
Electroencephalography Activities Influenced by Classroom Smells of Male High School
0
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
남자고등학교 교실에서 발생하는 냄새(발냄새, 머리냄새, 쉰냄새, 땀냄새)와 대표악취물질(부티르산, 암모니아)에 대한 뇌파반응을 분석하였다. 냄새자극 시험은 30∼50대의 여성을 대상으로 수행하였다. 교실냄새와 대표악취물질의 자극에 대한 뇌파 지표들의 변화 경향은 측두엽에서 가장 두드러지게 나타났다. 이들 악취물질의 측두엽에서 반응은 바탕뇌파대비 상대알파파를 0.04∼0.13 감소시켰고, 상대베타파 0.02∼0.06, 상대감마파를 0.03∼0.09 증가시켰다. 교실냄새들과 두 악취물질들은 이완상태를 나타내는 알파파를 감소시켰고, 각성과 긴장 및 스트레스를 나타내는 고베타파(18∼30Hz)와 불안과 흥분상태를 나타내는 감마파(30∼50Hz)를 활성화시켰다. 냄새물질들의 뇌 각성 및 자극정도는 머리냄새 > 부트르산 > 발냄새, 쉰냄새 > 암모니아> 땀냄새 순이었다. 이러한 결과는 교실냄새가 과도한 각성이나 긴장을 유발하므로 수업 집중력이나 학습능력을 저해할 수 있음을 의미한다.
Abstract
In this study, the influence of classroom smells (foot odor, hair smell, sour smell, and sweat smell) of male high school and sweat smell and the offensive odor substance (ammonia and butyric acid) on the electroencephalography (EEG) activities of 20 female volunteers, ranging in age from 30 to 50 were studied. The representative response of brainwave index by these smells stimuli was most pronounced on temporal lobes among the brain lobes. By comparison with background EEG activities on temporal lobes, the smells reduced the relative alpha band power (0.04∼0.13) and increased the relative beta band power (0.02∼0.06) and the relative gamma band power (0.03∼0.09). The alpha wave was deactivated, high beta (18∼30Hz) and gamma (30∼50Hz) waves were remarkably activated. The order of EEG fluctuation caused by the smell stimulus is as follows; hair smell > butyric acid > foot odor, sour smell > ammonia > sweat smell. It means that the classroom smells cause an excessive brain arousal and straining and may be reducing one’s attention and learning ability.
참고문헌 (33)
- Andreassi, J. L., "Psychophysiology Human Behavior and Physiological Response" (2006), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Bell, I. R., "Quantitative EEG pattern during nose versus mouth inhalation of filtered room air in young adults with and without self-reported chemical odor intolerances", International Journal of Psychophysiology, 28, pp.23~35 (1998)
- Bensafi M., "Perceptual, affective, and cognitive judgement of odors: Pleasantness and handedness effects", Brain and Cognition, 51, pp.270~275 (2003)
- Brauchli, P., "Electrocortical and autonomic alteration by administration of a pleasant and an unpleasant odor", Chemical Senses, 20(5), pp.505~515 (1995)
- Bressler, S. L., "Frequency analysis of olfactory system EEG in cat, rabbit, and rat", Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 50, pp.19~24 (1980)
- Bressler, S. L., "Spatial organization of EEGs from olfactory bulb and cortex", Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 57, pp.270~276 (1984)
- Caroprese, A., "HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of body odor to test the efficacy of foot deodorant formulations", Skin Research and Technology, 15, pp.503~510 (2009)
- Cone J. E., "Health effects of indoor odorants", Environmental Health Perspectives, 95, pp.53~59 (1991)
- "Indoor air facts No.4 sick building syndrome" (1991)[URL]
- Freeman, W. J., "Changes in spatial patterns of rabbit olfactory EEG with conditioning to odor", Psychophysiology, 19, pp.44~56 (1982)
- Goetz, N., "Detection and identification of volatile compounds evolved from human hair and scalp using headspace gas chromatography", Journal of Society Cosmetic Chemists, 39, pp.1~13 (1998)
- Kandel, E. R., "Principles of Neural Science, 4th Ed" (2000), Mc Graw-Hill
- Kanda, F., "Elucidation of chemical compounds responsible for foot malodour", British Journal of Dermatology, 122(6), pp.771~776 (1990)
- Klemm, W. R., "Topographical EEG maps of human responses to odors", Chemical Senses, 17, pp.347~361 (1992)
- Lorig, T. S., "The application of electroencephalographic techniques to the study of human olfaction : a review and tutorial", International Journal of Psychophysiology, 36, pp.91~104 (2000)
- Masago, R., "Effects of inhalation of essential oils on EEG activity and sensory evaluation", Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 19(1), pp.35~42 (2000)
- "Brainwaves-The Cause of Internet and TV Addiction?"[URL]
- Millot, J. L., "Effects of ambient odors on reaction time in humans", Neuroscience Letters, 322(2), pp.79~82 (2002)
- Munk, S, "Primary odorants of laundry soiled with sweat", sebum : influence of lipase on the odor profile, 2000, pp.3, 505~515
- Natsch, A., "A specific bacterial aminoacylase cleaves odorant precursors secreted in the human axilla", Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278, pp.5718~5727 (2003)
- Oosawa, T., "Electroencephalographic study of odor responses in the domestic fowl", Physiology and Behavior, 71, pp.203~205 (2000)
- Pander, S. K., "Human body-odor components and their determination", TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 30(5), pp.784~796 (2011)
- Son, H. R., "Objective olfactory function test through analysis of human Q-EEG changes", Korean Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 44(6), pp.621~627 (2001)
- Steele, J., "Herbs for Health", Being Well the Natural Way Magazine, ~ (2003)
- Terauchi, F., "Effect of odors from coniferous woods on contingent negative variation (CNV)", Journal of the Society of Materials Science, 45, pp.397~402 (1996)
- Whittle, C. L, "Human breath odors and their use in diagnosis", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1098, pp.252~266 (2007)
- 강근, "비선형 상관차원 분석을 통한 EEG 뇌파신호 특성 추출", Journal of Information Technology Applications & Management, 9(4), pp.165~178 (2002), 한국데이타베이스학회
- Ministry of Education and Science Technology(MEST), "Notification No. 2012-078 of MEST", Ministry of Education and Science Technology(MEST), ~ (2012)
- National Institute of Environmental Research(NIER), "Korean Standard Methods for Odor Analysis. Notification No. 2005-4 of NIER", National Institute of Environmental Research(NIER), ~ (2005)
- "Evaluation of background EEG" (2013)[URL]
- Min, B. C., "A study on correlation between subjective assesment and EEG for essential odors", Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, 20(3), pp.1~9 (2001)
- Baik, E. J., "Emotional changes of EEG and autonomic response by olfactory stimuli with orange and valeric acid", Korean Journal of the science of emotion and sensibility, 1, pp.105~111 (1998)
- 신훈, "건축재료의 향 자극에 대한 뇌파변화", KIEAE Journal, 9(1), pp.47~53 (2009), 한국생태환경건축학회