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운전 중 IVIS 조작 상황에서 Motor Cue와 과제의 난이도가 과제 전환과 운전 주행에 미치는 향

Effect of Motor Cues and Secondary Task Complexity on Driving Performance and Task Switching While Driving

한광희|유은현
한국감성과학회 (The Korean Society For Emotion & Sensibility)|2018.06|감성과학 (Science of Emotion & Sensibility)|제21권 제2호|pp. 29-42|DOI https://doi.org/10.14695/KJSOS.2018.21.2.29

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키워드

과제 난이도Task DifficultyDriving인포테인먼트 시스템과제 전환운전 주의분산운전 주행motor cueInfotainment SystemTask SwitchingDriver DistractionMotor Cue
주제분류감성과학

초록

최근 자동차와 IT기술의 융합으로 차량 내 인포테인먼트 시스템이 운자에게 편의 및 오락 기능을 제공하며 역할이 중요해지고 있다. 하지만 운전과 인포테인먼트 시스템을 조작하는 것은 동시에 시각 리소스를 요구하는 과제로 과제를 전환하며 수행해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 운전 중 인포테인먼트 시스템 조작 상황에서 조작 과제의 난이도와 motor cue가 과제 전환과 운전 주행능력에 미치는 향과 함께, motor cue의 효과가 조작 과제의 난이도 수에 따라 차이가 있는지 보고자 하다. motor cue와 조작 과제 난이도의 효과를 살펴보기 위해 반복되는 숫자가 청크 단위와 일치하는지에 따라 두 종류의 번호를 사용하으며, 터치 키의 크기로 난이도 수준을 조했다. 실험에서 참가자들은 모의 주행을 하며 스크린에 번호를 입력하도록 지시받았고, 과제 수행 번호 입력시간, 차선 유지능력, 숫자 키 입력 시간 간격과 핸들 움직임을 측정했다. 그 결과, 난이도 수에 따라 운 주행 능력과[F(1, 26)=8.521, p<.001], 번호 입력 시간의 차이가 유의미했고[F(1, 26)=35.372, p<.0001], 번호 종류에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 Incongruent 번호 입력 시, 청크로 구분된 두 숫자를 입력하는 시간의 간격과 핸들 움직임이 크게 증가하였다. 이는 반복된 숫자가 청크로 구분되어도 청크를 무시하고 한 번에 입력하음을 나타낸다. 종합하면, 다중 과제 상황에서 청크 단는 motor cue에 의해 상쇄되며 과제 전환 시점을 결정하는 데에 motor cue의 효과가 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

As information technology is more actively incorporated into automobiles, the role of IVIS (In-Vehicle Infotainment System) is becoming increasingly important for providing convenience and entertainment for drivers. However, using the infotainment systems while driving requires task switching and attending to two visual resources simultaneously. We simulated a setting where participants have to drive while interacting with the infotainment system and examined how task difficulty and motor cues impact driver task-switching and driving performance, specifically whether the effects of motor cues differ depending on task difficulty. For the infotainment display, we used two types of number array depending on the congruency between the digit repetition and the chunking unit, while task difficulty was manipulated by the size of the touch-keys. Participants were instructed to dial two numbers on the screen while we recorded the dialing time, lateral position, inter-key press intervals, and steering wheel control. We found that dialing time and lateral position were affected by task difficulty, while the type of number array had no effect. However, the inter-key press intervals between chunked numbers and steering wheel movement both increased when participants had to use an incongruent number array, which indicates that, if number digits are repeated, chunking is ignored by the drivers. Our findings indicate that, in a dual-task condition, motor cues offset the effect of chunking and can effectively signal the timing for task switching.

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