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자폐 스펙트럼 장애 집단과 정상 발달 집단 간 얼굴 정체성과 표정 표상 방식의 차이 : 얼굴 순응 과제의 적용

Comparison Between Youths with ASD and NT in Representation of Facial Identity and Expression Using a Face Adaptation Task

정경미|오향경
한국인지및생물심리학회 (Korean Society For Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|2021.01|한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 (Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|제33권 제1호|pp. 31-53|DOI 10.22172/cogbio.2021.33.1.003

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참고문헌

키워드

autism spectrum disorder자폐 스펙트럼 장애face perception순응 패러다임얼굴인식adaptation paradigm규준기반 코딩모델잔여효과norm-based coding modelaftereffect
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 자폐 스펙트럼 장애(autism spectrum disorder, ASD) 아동․청소년을 대상으로 표정-수반 정체성 잔여효과, 그리고 정체성-수반 표정 잔여효과를 측정함으로써 얼굴 정체성과 표정 처리 간 관계를 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 첫째, 정상발달(Neurotpyical, NT) 대학생 집단을 대상으로 두 잔여효과가 어떤 양상으로 나타나는지 확인하고(연구 1), 둘째, 연구 1과 동일한 실험 패러다임을 활용하여 ASD 아동․청소년 집단의 잔여효과를 NT 집단과 비교 탐색 하였다(연구 2). 연구 1에서는 대학생 37명을 대상으로 정체성 순응과제와 표정 순응과제를 각각 실시하였다. 정체성 순응과제는 순응자극과 검사자극 간 표정의 일치여부에 따라 정체성 잔여효과에 유의한 차이가 있는지(표정-수반 정체성 잔여효과), 표정 순응과제는 정체성 일치여부에 따라 표정 잔여효과에 유의한 차이가 있는지(정체성-수반 표정 잔여효과) 확인하기 위한 것이었다. 연구 2에서는 만 12∼18세의 ASD 집단 15명과 그들과 지능, 월령을 매칭한 NT 집단 15명을 대상으로 연구 1과 동일한 두 과제를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 연구 1에서는 NT 대학생 집단에서 정체성 수반 표정 잔여효과가 확인되었다. 연구2에서는 NT 아동․청소년 집단만이 정체성-수반 표정 잔여효과가 유의한 것으로 나타나 연구 1의 NT 대학생 집단과 동일한 양상이 관찰된 반면, ASD 집단은 어떠한 잔여효과도 관찰되지 않았다. 이 결과들을 종합해보면, NT 집단의 경우 얼굴 규준 형성 시, 정체성과 표정 처리가 서로 영향을 주고받으며, 특히 표정이 정체성 정보에 수반하여 표상되는 위계적인 방식을 따르나, ASD 집단은 정체성과 표정을 통합적으로 표상하는 데 어려움이 있음을 보여준다.

Abstract

Recent studies revealed that persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) showed reduced aftereffects in both facial identity and expression in adaptation paradigm. However, no previous study has examined whether these two aftereffects are independent or interactive. The purpose of this study was to investigate ‘expression-contingent’ identity aftereffect and ‘identity-contingent’ expression aftereffect in ASD using an adaptation paradigm. In study 1, two experiments were done with 37 neurotypical(NT) adults. First, in identity adaptation task, two male faces with expression(happy, sad) were used as adaptors, and 13 identity morphed images are used as probes. First, participants were shown the adaptor for 5000ms. Then, morphed images with either congruent or incongruent expression with the adaptor were presented for 500ms. Participants were asked to discriminate the identity of the probe. In expression adaptation task, the procedure was identical to that of identity adaptation task, except that ‘expression’ morphed images of either the congruent or incongruent identity with the adaptor were presented as probes, and participants were asked to discriminate the expression. Consistent with the previous study, only identity-contingent expression aftereffect was significant in NT adults. In study 2, same experiments was conducted to compare performance of 15 ASD children and matched NT children. Identical with adults, only identity-contingent expression aftereffect was significant in NT children. However, in ASD group, there was no significant contingent aftereffect in both identity and expression adaptation task. These findings suggest that independent, not integrated face coding mechanisms of identity and expression in persons with ASD.

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