연예인 얼굴과 연예인 기반 아바타에서의 언캐니 밸리
The Uncanny Valley Effect for Celebrity Faces and Celebrity-based Avatars
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초록
가상공간의 활성화에 따라 아바타와 같이 사람을 대신하는 대리인(agent)의 사용이 활성화되었으나, 인공물이 사람 과 유사해질수록 불편함을 느끼는 언캐니밸리(uncanny valley) 현상이 장애물로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 연예인 에 기반을 둔 아바타에서 느껴지는 언캐니밸리 현상을 확인하고자 하였다. 연예인 및 일반인의 사진과 그 사진을 기반 으로 제작된 아바타에서 눈 크기를 조절하여 비전형성 정도를 조작하였고, 이에 따른 언캐니밸리 현상의 강도를 측정하 였다. 그 결과, 사진과 아바타 모두에서 연예인 얼굴에 대한 언캐니밸리 현상이 더 강하게 나타났다. 이는 친숙한 얼굴 에 대해서 더 강한 얼굴 표상이 형성되어 얼굴 변화에 대해 더 쉽게 탐지한다는 기존의 발견들과 일치한다. 한편 사진 자극에 대해서는 기존의 연구에서처럼 비전형성 정도가 높아질수록 더 높은 언캐니밸리 현상이 발견되었으나, 아바타 자극에 대해서는 비전형성 정도에 따른 효과가 발견되지 않았다. 이는 만화의 등장인물에서 얼굴의 특징이 과장되어 커지거나 작아지는 경향 때문에 아바타에서 허용할 수 있는 비전형성 정도가 크기 때문으로 판단된다. 이와 같은 결과 는 최근 연예인 아바타를 사용한 가상공간의 서비스에서 언캐니밸리 현상을 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
As virtual space activities become more common, human-virtual agents such as avatars are more frequently used instead of people, but the uncanny valley effect, in which people feel uncomfortable when they see artifacts that look similar to humans, is an obstacle. In this study, we explored the uncanny valley effect for celebrity avatars. We manipulated the degree of atypicality by adjusting the eye size in photos of celebrities, ordinary people, and their avatars and measured the intensity of the uncanny valley effect. As a result, the uncanny valley effect for celebrities and celebrity avatars appeared to be stronger than the effect for ordinary people. This result is consistent with previous findings that more robust facial representations are formed for familiar faces, making it easier to detect facial changes. However, with real faces of celebrities and ordinary people, as in previous studies, the higher the degree of atypicality, the greater the uncanny valley effect, but this result was not found for the avatar stimulus. This high degree of tolerance for atypicality in avatars seems to be caused by cartoon characters’ tendency to have exaggerated facial features such as eyes, nose, and mouth. These results suggest that efforts to reduce the uncanny valley in the virtual space service using celebrity avatars are necessary.
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