의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험의 충분조건으로서 사회적 친밀감의 중요성
The Importance of Social Intimacy as a Sufficient Condition for Anthropomorphism and Positive User Experience
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본 연구는 의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험의 기제를 밝히기 위해 수행되었다. 이때 CASA (Computers Are Social Actors) 패러다임 접근법을 차용해 사회적 반응과 의인화의 인과관계를 검증하고 이 패러다임에 대한 올바른 이해를 도모했다. 본 연구는 대인관계에서 나타나는 깊은 자기개방의 친밀감 형성 및 의인화 효과를 사람과 대화형에이전트 의 관계에 적용해 사회적 반응과 의인화를 모두 유도했다. 그리고 친밀감으로 치환되는 사회적 연결감과 의인화의 인과관계를 밝히는 심리학 모델로 깊은 자기개방의 의인화 효과에 대한 친밀감의 매개효과를 탐색했다. 더 나아가 대인 특성이 적용된 에이전트 사용 경험이 긍정적으로 나타나는 데 친밀감과 의인화가 어떻게 관여하는지 탐구했다. 연구 결과, 자기개방 깊이가 깊을수록 에이전트가 더 친밀하고 사람답게 지각됐으며, 사용자 경험이 더 긍정적이었 다. 그리고 자기개방 깊이가 의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험에 미치는 영향을 친밀감이 완전히 매개하였다. 사람이 사회적 단서를 가지는 대상에 사회적으로 반응하기 때문에 대인 특성이 반영된 컴퓨터를 의인화하고 긍정적으로 평 가하는 것이다. 본 연구는 CASA 패러다임과 의인화 연구를 연결하며 인간 - 컴퓨터 상호작용에 대한 심리학적 설명 가능성을 시사한다. 그리고 의인화와 긍정적인 사용자 경험의 충분조건으로서 사회적 반응 즉, 친밀감의 중요성을 강조한다.
Abstract
This study seeks to clarify the mechanisms of anthropomorphism and positive user experience. This study adopts the “computers are social actors” (CASA) paradigm to verify the causal relationship between social response and anthropomorphism and correctly explicate this paradigm. The intimacy-forming and anthropomorphizing effects of deep self-disclosure in interpersonal relationships were replicated in relationships between humans and conversational agents to induce both social response and anthropomorphism. Then, the mediating effect of intimacy on the anthropomorphizing effect of deep self-disclosure was explored with psychological models that revealed the causal relationships between social connections, including intimacy and anthropomorphism. Furthermore, we explored how intimacy and anthropomorphism trigger positive user experiences. The results demonstrated that the deeper the self-disclosure depth was, the more intimate and humanly the agent was perceived and the more positive the user experience was. In addition, the effect of self-disclosure depth on anthropomorphism and positive user experience was completely mediated by intimacy. This means that when using a computer with interpersonal characteristics, people anthropomorphize it and have a positive experience because people react socially to objects with social cues. This study bridges the gap between the CASA paradigm and anthropomorphism research, suggesting the possibility of psychological explanations for the principle of human–computer interactions. In addition, it explicates the mechanism of anthropomorphism and positive user experience, emphasizing the importance of social response－that is, intimacy.
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