돼지 SRY와 ZF 유전자를 이용한 성판별 기법
Molecular Sexing Using SRY and ZF Genes in Pigs
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초록
돼지의 성 판별을 위해서 중합효소연쇄반응(PCR) 기법을 시험하였다. SRY는 Y 염색체 상에 암호화되어 있으며 일차적인 웅성 발생에 대한 핵심적인 역할을 수행한다. Zinc finger X-Y(ZFX-ZFY) 유전자는 X-Y 염색체에 상동으로 존재하는 유전자들 중 하나이다. 본 연구진은 SRY 유전자와 ZFX-ZFY 유전자들의 증폭 양상을 이용하여 분자적 성 판별을 수행하였다. 가축돼지 품종들과 재래돼지의 정액과 모근을 포함한 여러 조직으로부터 추출한 genomic DNA들을 PCR assay에 이용하였다. SRY에 대한 증폭산물은 수컷에서만 특이적으로 관찰되었고, 암컷에서는 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 반면, ZF 유전자에 대한 PCR 증폭 결과는 X, Y 염색체 간 유전자 길이의 다형성에 의한 이형성을 반영하는 두 가지 다른 양상의 밴드들로 관찰되었다. 이 둘 중 모든 개체에서 공통으로 발견되는 밴드는 X 염색체상의 ZFX를 주형으로 증폭된 것이며, 다른 하나는 수컷 특이적이며 ZFY 유전자를 주형으로 하는 것이다. PCR assay의 결과는 표현형에서 나타내는 성 판별 결과와 동일한 결과를 나타내었다. 본 연구결과는 Y 염색체 특이적인 SRY와 X, Y 염색체의 이형성을 나타내는 ZFX-ZFY에 대한 PCR 전략은 성을 판별하는 신속하면서도 정확한 실험기법으로 암수를 식별하는데 효율적으로 이용될 뿐만 아니라, 발생 중인 배의 할구나 정액, 모근같이 적은 양의 시료에도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.
Abstract
A method for sex determination of pigs was examined using polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Sex determining region Y(SRY) gene encoded on Y chromosome plays a key role for primary male development. Zinc finger X-Y(ZFX-ZFY) gene, one of the X-Y homology gene group was found on the X and Y chromosomes, respectively. We tested for molecular sexing by amplification patterns of SRY and ZF genes. Genomic DNAs from various resources including porcine hairs and semen collected from domestic pig breeds and native pigs was used for PCR assay of each gene. The amplified products for porcine SRY gene were yielded only in males but not in females. On the other hand, two differential patterns were observed in amplification of ZF gene reflecting the chromosomal dimorphism by a length polymorphism between X and Y chromosomes. Of both, a common band was detected in all individuals tested so that this band might be amplified from ZFX gene as a PCR template, but another is specific for males indicated that from ZFY. The result of PCR assay provides identical information to that from investigation of phenotypic genders of the pigs tested. We suggest that this PCR strategy to determine porcine sexes using comparison of the amplification patterns of the SRY gene specific for Y chromosome and the dimorphic ZF gene between X and Y chromosomes may be a rapid and precise method for discrimination of two sexes and applied to DNA analysis of small samples such as embryonic blastomere, semen, and hairs.
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