Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Nutrient Composition, Anti-nutritional Factors, In vitro Digestibility and Ruminal Degradation of Whole Cotton Seed
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Whole cotton seed (WCS) has become one of the major feed ingredients in TMR for dairy cattle in Korea, and WCS for feed use is mostly imported from abroad. Since this genetically modified oil seed is usually fed to the animal in raw state, its germination ability, if last long, often causes concerns about ecological disturbances. In the process of looking for effective conditions to remove germination ability of WCS this study had the objectives to evaluate the nutritional effects of gamma irradiation at doses of 8, 10 and 12 kGy on changes in nutrient contents, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro digestibility and ruminal degradability. No significant differences were found in proximate analysis of nutrients between raw WCS and gamma irradiated one. Glycine and threonine contents significantly increased when the WCS was exposed to gamma ray as compared to untreated WCS(p<0.05). As for fatty acid composition, no significant differences were observed with the irradiation treatment. Free gossypol in WCS was decreased(p<0.05) by gamma irradiation treatment. Of the 3 different levels of gamma irradiation, a dose of 12kGy was found to be the most effective in reducing free gossypol concentration. Results obtained from in situ experiment indicated that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy significantly(p<0.05) lowered rumen degradability of both dry matter and crude protein as compared with raw WCS. However, there were no significant differences in rapidly degradable and potentially degradable fractions of crude protein due to 10kGy gamma irradiation. Overall, this study show that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10kGy is the optimum condition for removing germination ability of WCS, and could improve nutritive value for the ruminant with respect to the decrease in both ruminal protein degradability and gossypol content of WCS.
Abstract
Whole cotton seed (WCS) has become one of the major feed ingredients in TMR for dairy cattle in Korea, and WCS for feed use is mostly imported from abroad. Since this genetically modified oil seed is usually fed to the animal in raw state, its germination ability, if last long, often causes concerns about ecological disturbances. In the process of looking for effective conditions to remove germination ability of WCS this study had the objectives to evaluate the nutritional effects of gamma irradiation at doses of 8, 10 and 12 kGy on changes in nutrient contents, anti-nutritional factors, in vitro digestibility and ruminal degradability. No significant differences were found in proximate analysis of nutrients between raw WCS and gamma irradiated one. Glycine and threonine contents significantly increased when the WCS was exposed to gamma ray as compared to untreated WCS(p<0.05). As for fatty acid composition, no significant differences were observed with the irradiation treatment. Free gossypol in WCS was decreased(p<0.05) by gamma irradiation treatment. Of the 3 different levels of gamma irradiation, a dose of 12kGy was found to be the most effective in reducing free gossypol concentration. Results obtained from in situ experiment indicated that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy significantly(p<0.05) lowered rumen degradability of both dry matter and crude protein as compared with raw WCS. However, there were no significant differences in rapidly degradable and potentially degradable fractions of crude protein due to 10kGy gamma irradiation. Overall, this study show that gamma irradiation at a dose of 10kGy is the optimum condition for removing germination ability of WCS, and could improve nutritive value for the ruminant with respect to the decrease in both ruminal protein degradability and gossypol content of WCS.
참고문헌 (38)
- Abu, J. O., "Gamma irradiation of cowpea(Vignaunguiculata K. Walp) flours and pastes: Effects on functional, thermal and molecular properties of isolated protein", Food Chem, 95, pp.138~147 (2006)
- Abu-Tarboush, H. M., "Irradiation inactivation of some antinutritional factors in plant seeds", J. Agric. Food Chem, 46, pp.2698~2702 (1998)
- 안보선, "고선량(10~120 kGy)감마선 조사 청국장의 미생물 변화와 화학적 성분과 관능적 특성 변화", 한국식품과학회지, 35(2), pp.166~172 (2003), 한국식품과학회
- Alyevand, F., "Fatty odours in food: the reaction between mesityl oxide and sulfur compounds in foodstuffs", Chem. Indust, 37, pp.1563~1569 (1967)
- A. O. A. C., "Official methods of analysis 16th edition", Association of official analytical chemist, ~ (1995)
- A. O. C. S., "Official and Tentative Methods of the American Oil Chemists’ Society", American Oil Chemists’ Society, ~ (1987)
- Arieli, A., "Whole cotton seedin dairy cattle feeding: A review", Anim. Feed Sci. Technol, 72, pp.97~110 (1998)
- Berberich, S. A., "The composition of insect-protected cotton seedis equivalent to that of conventional cotton seed", J. Agric. Food Chem, 44, pp.365~371 (1996)
- Bertrand, J. A., "Nutrient content of whole cotton seed", J. Dairy Sci, 88, pp.1470~1477 (2005)
- Bhat, R., "Effect of ionizing radiation on antinutritional features of velvet seed bean(Mucuna pruriens)", Food Chem, 103, pp.860~866 (2007)
- Borzouei, A., "Effects of gamma radiation on germination and physiological aspects of wheat(Triticum astivum L.) seedlings", Pak. J. Bot, 42(4), pp.2281~2290 (2010)
- Calhoun, M. C., "Assessing the gossypol status of cattle fed cotton seedproducts", Proceedings of Pacific Northwest Anim. Nutr. Conf, pp.147A~157A (1995)
- Chaudhuri, K. S., "A simple and reliable method to detect gamma irradiated lentil(Lens culinaris Medik) seeds by germination efficiency and seedling growth test", Radiat. Phys. Chem, 64, pp.131~136 (2002)
- Cherry, J. P., "Methylene chloride extraction of gossypol from cotton seed products", J. Food Sci, 46, pp.1726~1733 (1981)
- De Boland, A. R., "Identification and properties of phytate in cereal grains and oilseed products", J. Agric. Food Chem, 23, pp.1186~1189 (1975)
- Diehl, J. F., "Food irradiation-past, present and future", Radiat. Phys. Chem, 63, pp.211~215 (2002)
- Farkas. J, "Irradiation for better foods", Trends in Food Science and Technology, 17, pp.148~152 (2006)
- Hossein Gharaghani, "Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Anti Nutritional Factors and Nutritional Value of Canola Meal for Broiler Chickens", ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 21(10), pp.1479~1485 (2008), 아세아·태평양축산학회
- Han, Y. W., "Removal of phytic acid from soybean and cotton seed meals", J. Agric. Food Chem, 36, pp.1181~1183 (1988)
- Kovacs, E., "Effect of gamma and UV-B", C radiation on plant cell, 2002, pp.33, 199~210
- Kwon, J. H., "Chemical changes in garlic bulbs resulting from ionizing energy treatment at sprout-inhibition dose", J. Kor. Agric. Chem. Soc, 31, pp.147~153 (1988)
- Kwon, H., "Studies on pre-treatment condition for inhibiting of germination in cotton seeds" (2012), In press
- Lacroixa, M., "Use of gamma-irradiation to produce films from whey, casein and soya proteins:structure and functional characteristics", Radiat. Phys. Chem, 63, pp.827~832 (2002)
- Mena, H., "The effects of varying gossypol intake from whole cotton seed and cotton seed meal on lactation and blood parameters in lactating dairy cows", J. Dairy Sci, 87, pp.2506~2518 (2004)
- Mena, H., "The effects of feeding varying amounts of gossypol from whole cotton seed and cotton seed meal in lactating dairy cows", J. Dairy Sci, 84, pp.2231~2239 (2001)
- Mowrey, A., "Results of a nationwide survey to determine feedstuffs fed to lactating dairy cows", J. Dairy Sci, 82, pp.445~451 (1999)
- National Research Council, "Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle" (2001), National Academy Press
- Piri, I., "The use of gamma irradiation in agriculture", African J Microbio. Res, 5(32), pp.5806~5811 (2011)
- Prieto, J. G., "Increasing dietary levels of cracked pima cotton seed increase plasma gossypol but do not influence productive performance of lactating Holstein cows", J. Dairy Sci, 86, pp.254~267 (2003)
- Rahma, E. H., "Gossypol removal and functional properties of protein produced by extraction of glanded cotton seed with different solvents", J. Food Sci, 49, pp.1057~1060 (1984)
- Shawrang, P., "Effects of gamma irradiation on chemical composition and ruminal protein degradation of canola meal", Radiat. Phys. Chem, 77, pp.918~922 (2008)
- Shawrang, P., "Evaluation and comparison of gamma- and electron beam irradiation effects on total and free gossypol of cotton seed meal", Phys. Chem, 80, pp.761~762 (2011)
- Siddhuraju, P., "The effect of ionizing radiation on antinutritional factors and the nutritional value of plant materials with reference to human and animal food", Food Chem, 78, pp.187~205 (2002)
- M. Taghinejad, "Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Chemical Composition, Antinutritional Factors, Ruminal Degradation and In vitro Protein Digestibility of Full-fat Soybean", ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 22(4), pp.534~541 (2009), 아세아·태평양축산학회
- Tilley, J. M. A., "A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops", J. Br. Grassland Soc, 18, pp.104~111 (1963)
- Wang, D., "Radiation industrial oxidation of phenylalanine", Proceeding of the workshop on recent advances on detection of irradiation foods, BRC Information, Chemical Analysis Commission of the European Communities, pp.212~217 (1991)
- High-dose irradiation: Who- lesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10kGy, "World health organization", WHO, 120~124, pp.Technical Report Series no.890 (1999)
- Van Soest, P. J., "Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant" (1994), Cornell University Press
