Energy utilization, nutrient digestibility and bone quality of broiler chickens fed Tanzania-type diets in different forms with enzymes
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
A study was conducted to determine the influence of feed form and microbial enzyme supplementation on energy utilization, bone quality, and amino acid and mineral digestibility of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to eight diets formulated from commonly used ingredients in Tanzania. A 2 (pellet or mash) × 4 (control, Axtra XB, Quantum Blue (QB) and Axtra XB + QB enzyme) factorial array in a completely randomized design having six replicates per treatment (10 birds per replicate) was used. Birds were raised in climate-controlled rooms in a 3-phase; starter (0–10 days), grower (11–24 days) and finisher (25–35 days). Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolizable energy intake, net energy of production, energy retained as protein (REp), and efficiency of metabolizable energy use for energy and protein retention were higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets. The AME and REp was higher (p < 0.05) with enzyme supplementation. Ash content, weight, length, width and breaking strength of tibia bones were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on pelleted diets. Tibia bone traits were improved (p < 0.05) when enzymes were included, particularly in a combination of QB and Axtra XB. However, potassium, magnesium, and zinc contents were highest (p < 0.05) when QB was supplemented. Digestibility of all amino acids was higher (p < 0.05) in birds supplied with pellets and with enzyme supplementation for most amino acids, except for serine. There was a positive interaction (p < 0.05) between feed form and enzymes on lysine and phenylalanine digestibility. Digestibility of Ca, P, K, S, Zn, and Fe was higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets, while those on mashed diets had higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of Cu and B. The digestibility of P, K, and Zn was highest (p < 0.001) when QB was added, while Ca, P, S, and B digestibility was highest when a combination of Axtra XB + QB was applied. Pelleted diets with or without enzymes improved energy utilization, digestibility of amino acids, and minerals, and increased bone strength in broiler chickens.
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the influence of feed form and microbial enzyme supplementation on energy utilization, bone quality, and amino acid and mineral digestibility of broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to eight diets formulated from commonly used ingredients in Tanzania. A 2 (pellet or mash) × 4 (control, Axtra XB, Quantum Blue (QB) and Axtra XB + QB enzyme) factorial array in a completely randomized design having six replicates per treatment (10 birds per replicate) was used. Birds were raised in climate-controlled rooms in a 3-phase; starter (0–10 days), grower (11–24 days) and finisher (25–35 days). Apparent metabolizable energy (AME), metabolizable energy intake, net energy of production, energy retained as protein (REp), and efficiency of metabolizable energy use for energy and protein retention were higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets. The AME and REp was higher (p < 0.05) with enzyme supplementation. Ash content, weight, length, width and breaking strength of tibia bones were highest (p < 0.05) in birds on pelleted diets. Tibia bone traits were improved (p < 0.05) when enzymes were included, particularly in a combination of QB and Axtra XB. However, potassium, magnesium, and zinc contents were highest (p < 0.05) when QB was supplemented. Digestibility of all amino acids was higher (p < 0.05) in birds supplied with pellets and with enzyme supplementation for most amino acids, except for serine. There was a positive interaction (p < 0.05) between feed form and enzymes on lysine and phenylalanine digestibility. Digestibility of Ca, P, K, S, Zn, and Fe was higher (p < 0.05) in birds fed pelleted diets, while those on mashed diets had higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of Cu and B. The digestibility of P, K, and Zn was highest (p < 0.001) when QB was added, while Ca, P, S, and B digestibility was highest when a combination of Axtra XB + QB was applied. Pelleted diets with or without enzymes improved energy utilization, digestibility of amino acids, and minerals, and increased bone strength in broiler chickens.
참고문헌 (36)
- Suh DH, "Decompositions of corn price effects : implications for feed grain demand and livestock supply", Agric Econ, 48, pp.491~500 (2017)
- Behnke KC, "Effect of feed processing on broiler performance", Ph.D, pp.2004
- Ravindran V., "Feed enzymes : the science, practice, and metabolic realities", J Appl Poult Res, 22, pp.628~636 (2013)
- Ravindran V., "Poultry development review", pp.60~63 (2013), FAO
- Olukosi OA, "Energy utilization and growth performance of broilers receiving diets supplemented with enzymes containing carbohydrase or phytase activity individually or in combination", Br J Nutr, 99, pp.682~690 (2008)
- Jimenez-Moreno E, "Inclusion of insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellet diets for young broilers. 1. Effects on growth performance and water intake", Poult Sci, 95, pp.41~52 (2016)
- Rojas OJ, "Processing of ingredients and diets and effects on nutritional value for pigs", J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 1, pp.48~ (2017)
- De Sousa J, "The effect of dietary phytase on broiler performance and digestive, bone, and blood biochemistry characteristics", Rev Bras Cienc Avic, 17, pp.69~76 (2015)
- Ravindran V., "Feed enzymes : the science, practice, and metabolic realities", J Appl Poult Res, 22, pp.628~636 (2013)
- Mireles-Arriaga AI, "Use of exogenous enzyme in animal feed", Life Sci J, 12, pp.23~32 (2015)
- Selle PH, "Microbial phytase in poultry nutrition", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 135, pp.1~41 (2007)
- Bhuiyan MM, "High levels of maize in broiler diets with or without microbial enzyme supplementation", S Afr J Anim Sci, 43, pp.44~55 (2013)
- Knudsen KEB, "Fiber and nonstarch polysaccharide content and variation in common crops used in broiler diets", Poult Sci, 93, pp.2380~2393 (2014)
- Munyaka PM, "Impact of combined β-glucanase and xylanase enzymes on growth performance, nutrients utilization and gut microbiota in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat-based diets", Poult Sci, 95, pp.528~540 (2016)
- Sweeney RA, "Generic combustion method for determination of crude protein in feeds : collaborative study", J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 72, pp.770~774 (1989)
- Short FJ, "Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 59, pp.215~221 (1996)
- Cohen SA, "Amino acid analysis protocols", pp.39~47 (2000), Humana Press
- Anderson DL, "Sealed chamber digestion for plant nutrient analyses1", Agron J, 78, pp.937~939 (1986)
- Moughan PJ, "Endogenous amino acid flow in the stomach and small intestine of the young growing pig", J Sci Food Agric, 60, pp.437~442 (1992)
- 공창수, "Evaluation of Amino Acid and Energy Utilization in Feedstuff for Swine and Poultry Diets", Animal Bioscience, 27(7), pp.917~925 (2014), 아세아·태평양축산학회[DOI]
- Larbier M, "Nutrition and feeding of poultry", pp.305~ (1994), Nottingham University Press
- "MINITAB release 17: statistical software for windows. State College" (2014)[URL]
- "Australian code for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes" (2013)[URL]
- Serrano MP, "Influence of feed form and source of soybean meal of the diet on growth performance of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. 1. Floor pen study", Poult Sci, 91, pp.2838~2844 (2012)
- Abdollahi MR, "Pelleting of broiler diets : an overview with emphasis on pellet quality and nutritional value", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 179, pp.1~23 (2013)
- Greenwood MW, "Influence of feed form on dietary lysine and energy intake and utilization of broilers from 14 to 30 days of age", Int J Poult Sci, 3, pp.189~194 (2004)
- Cowieson A, "Evolving enzyme technology : impact on commercial poultry nutrition", Nutr Res Rev, 19, pp.90~103 (2006)
- Khattak FM, "Enzymes in poultry nutrition", J Anim Plant Sci, 16, pp.1~7 (2006)
- Hossain M, "Growth responses, excreta quality, nutrient digestibility, bone development and meat yield traits of broiler chickens fed vegetable or animal protein diets", S Afr J Anim Sci, 43, pp.208~218 (2013)
- Brenes A, "The effect of citric acid and microbial phytase on mineral utilization in broiler chicks", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 110, pp.201~219 (2003)
- Akter M, "Response of broiler chickens to different levels of calcium, non-phytate phosphorus and phytase", Br Poult Sci, 57, pp.799~809 (2016)
- Cowieson AJ, "Effect of exogenous enzymes in maize-based diets varying in nutrient density for young broilers : growth performance and digestibility of energy, minerals and amino acids", Br Poult Sci, 49, pp.37~44 (2008)
- Rutherfurd SM, "Effect of microbial phytase on ileal digestibility of phytate phosphorus, total phosphorus, and amino acids in a low-phosphorus diet for broilers", Poult Sci, 83, pp.61~68 (2004)
- Shaoping He, "Effect of a microbial phytase on growth performance, plasma parameters and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in Youxian Sheldrake fed a low-phosphorus corn-soybean diet", Animal Bioscience, 30(10), pp.1442~1449 (2017), 아세아·태평양축산학회[DOI]
- Munir K, "A review on role of exogenous enzyme supplementation in poultry production", Emir J Food Agric, pp.66~80 (2013)
- Bradbury EJ, "Effects of phytase, calcium source, calcium concentration and particle size on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and skeletal integrity", Anim Prod Sci, 58, pp.271~283 (2018)