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독일과 미국의 금융협동조합네트워크 비교 연구

The Comparative Study of Financial Cooperative Networks in Germany and USA

구정옥
한국상업경영학회 (The Korean Academy of Business Management)|2020.04|상업경영연구 (Korean Journal of Business & Management)|제34권 제2호|pp. 97-124|DOI 10.34274/krabe.2020.34.2.005

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참고문헌

키워드

신용협동조합Credit Union금융협동조합네트워크협동조합은행Financial Cooperative NetworkCooperative Bank
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 한국신협의 벤치마킹대상으로 흔히 거론되는 독일과 미국 금융협동조합네트워크의 생성배경과 변화과정을 비교분석하는데 있다. 두 나라의 금융협동조합네트워크는 한국의 신협네트워크와 달리, 협회네트워크와 사업네트워크가 분리되어 있다는 점은 같으나, 네트워크의 형태와 발전경로는 다르다. 은행법 적용을 받으며 상업은행과 동일한 조건에서 경쟁해야 하는 독일협동조합은행의 경우에는 시장경쟁 환경변화에 대응하여 지속적 합병과정을 거치며 중앙집중형 네트워크로 발전하였다. 반면, 신협법에 의해 조직되어 은행과 차별화된 규제감독을 받고 세제혜택을 받는 미국신협은 네트워크의 권한과 기능이 크지 않고 방사형으로 발전하였다. 본 연구결과는, 네트워크는 기본적으로 법에 규정되는 기초단위 신협의 조직목적과 운영모델, 그리고 시장환경과 규제환경의 영향을 받으며 형성되고 변화하므로, 다른 나라의 네트워크를 벤치마킹할 때는 이러한 요인들을 고려할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

This study aims to make a comparative analysis of the formation and transformation of credit union networks as a way of overcoming the weaknesses of a primary credit union in Germany and US. Unlike the Korean credit union network, credit union networks in both countries are separated into an association network and a business network, but they have taken a different path in their development. German cooperative banks competing with commercial banks on a level playing field have developed a strong centralized network structure to enhance their competitive power. American credit unions regulated differently from commercial banks and given tax benefits have developed their network in a radial form. The study suggests that a credit union network is shaped by legally defined mission, primary credit union model, financial market situation, regulatory policy, etc. and that these influencing factors need to be considered in benchmarking.

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