A periodontitis-associated multispecies model of an oral biofilm
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Purpose: While single-species biofilms have been studied extensively, we know notably littleregarding multispecies biofilms and their interactions. The purpose of this study was todevelop and evaluate an in vitro multispecies dental biofilm model that aimed to mimicthe environment of chronic periodontitis. Methods: Streptococcus gordonii KN1, Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC23726, Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans ATCC33384, and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC33277were used for this experiment. The biofilms were grown on 12-well plates with a roundglass slip (12 mm in diameter) with a supply of fresh medium. Four different single-speciesbiofilms and multispecies biofilms with the four bacterial strains listed above were prepared. The biofilms were examined with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) andscanning electron microscopy (SEM). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for fourdifferent planktonic single-species and multispecies bacteria were determined. The MICs ofdoxycycline and chlorhexidine for four different single-species biofilms and a multispeciesbiofilm were also determined. Results: The CLSM and SEM examination revealed that the growth pattern of the multispeciesbiofilm was similar to those of single-species biofilms. However, the multispeciesbiofilm became thicker than the single-species biofilms, and networks between bacteriawere formed. The MICs of doxycycline and chlorhexidine were higher in the biofilm statethan in the planktonic bacteria. The MIC of doxycycline for the multispecies biofilm washigher than were those for the single-species biofilms of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, or A. actinomycetemcomitans. The MIC of chlorhexidine for the multispecies biofilm was higherthan were those for the single-species biofilms of P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum. Conclusions: To mimic the natural dental biofilm, a multispecies biofilm composed of fourbacterial species was grown. The 24-hour multispecies biofilm may be useful as a laboratorydental biofilm model system.
Abstract
Purpose: While single-species biofilms have been studied extensively, we know notably littleregarding multispecies biofilms and their interactions. The purpose of this study was todevelop and evaluate an in vitro multispecies dental biofilm model that aimed to mimicthe environment of chronic periodontitis. Methods: Streptococcus gordonii KN1, Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC23726, Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans ATCC33384, and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC33277were used for this experiment. The biofilms were grown on 12-well plates with a roundglass slip (12 mm in diameter) with a supply of fresh medium. Four different single-speciesbiofilms and multispecies biofilms with the four bacterial strains listed above were prepared. The biofilms were examined with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) andscanning electron microscopy (SEM). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for fourdifferent planktonic single-species and multispecies bacteria were determined. The MICs ofdoxycycline and chlorhexidine for four different single-species biofilms and a multispeciesbiofilm were also determined. Results: The CLSM and SEM examination revealed that the growth pattern of the multispeciesbiofilm was similar to those of single-species biofilms. However, the multispeciesbiofilm became thicker than the single-species biofilms, and networks between bacteriawere formed. The MICs of doxycycline and chlorhexidine were higher in the biofilm statethan in the planktonic bacteria. The MIC of doxycycline for the multispecies biofilm washigher than were those for the single-species biofilms of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, or A. actinomycetemcomitans. The MIC of chlorhexidine for the multispecies biofilm was higherthan were those for the single-species biofilms of P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum. Conclusions: To mimic the natural dental biofilm, a multispecies biofilm composed of fourbacterial species was grown. The 24-hour multispecies biofilm may be useful as a laboratorydental biofilm model system.
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