반코마이신-내성 장구균이 분리된 중증 화상환자의 특성 및 사망인자에 대한 분석
Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Mortality among Severe Burn Patients with Isolation of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci
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목 적 : 국내에 1992년에 VRE가 처음 보고된 이후, 주요 원내 감염균이 되었다. 특히 중증의 화상환자는 전신쇠약, 면역기능의 저하 및 항균제 사용으로 인한 장내 집락화균의 변화 등으로 인해 VRE감염에 취약하다. 저자들은 VRE가 검출된 중증 화상환자의 임상적 특성 및 사망에 기여하는 위험요인을 알아보고자 본 연구를 하였다.재료 및 방법 : 2000년 1월부터 2003년 12월 까지 VRE가 분리된 화상범위가 체표면적의 30%이상인 중증 화상환자를 대상으로 의료기록을 통하여 후향적으로 조사하였다. 이들을 VRE 집락화군(직장도말검사 양성군)과 감염군(직장이외의 임상검체에서 분리된 군)으로 나누어 임상적 특성, 선행질환을 조사 비교하였다. VRE 감염군에서 사망군과 생존군으로 나누어 사망과 관련된 인자를 분석하였다.결 과 : 104명의 환자에서 144 VRE가 분리되었으며 평균 연령은 41.6±18.2세였다. 대상 환자들의 평균 화상 체표면적은 45.4±22.1% 였다. VRE 집락화군에서 20.4% (19/93)가 VRE 감염으로 진행되었다. 집락화군과 감염군에서 임상특성, 기저질환, 분리균종의 차이는 없었다. VRE 감염군의 사망률은 40%를 보였다. VRE 감염군의 사망과관련된 인자는 다변량분석 결과 VRE의 균혈증이었다[교차비=32.803, 95% 신뢰구간(2.884, 373.129), P값 0.005]. 결 론:중증 화상환자에서 VRE가 집락화된 환자의 상당 수가 VRE 감염으로 진행할 수 있으며 이들 환자에서 VRE 감염증의 사망률은 40%를 보이므로 VRE의 집락화를 막기 위한 노력에 더욱 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Background : Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are multi-drug resistant organisms that have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens in recent years. Patients with burn injury are highly vulnerable to VRE infection. We evaluated the colonization and infection rate of VRE among severe burn patients. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed VRE isolation in a tertiary hospital burn center from January 2000 to December 2003. We analyzed and compared the clinical characteristics of VRE colonized (isolated in rectal swab) and infected patients. We also analyzed the risk factors of mortality in VRE infection group by using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results : VRE was isolated from 104 of severe burn patients. Mean percent of total body surface area of 104 patients was 45.43±22.15%. The most commonly isolated VRE was Enterococcus faecium (82.6%). The VRE infection rate of VRE colonization group was 19/93 (20.4%). There were no differences in clinical characteristics, underlying conditions, and isolates species between VRE colonization and infection groups. The mortality rate of VRE infection group was 40%. The risk factors for mortality were bacteremia (P=0.001) and mechanical ventilation (P=0.024) in univariate analysis. However, independent risk factor for death was only VRE bacteremia [odd ratio=32.803, 95% confidence interval (2.884, 373.129), P=0.005] in multivariate analysis. Conclusion : Significant portion of severe burn patients with VRE colonization could progress to VRE infection. Severe burn patients with VRE bacteremia have higher risk of death than patients without VRE bacteremia.
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