중학생의 과학 그래프 구성에 관한 문제 해결 과정 연구
A Study on Middle School Students’ Problem Solving Processes for Scientific Graph Construction
2
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 연구에서는 중학생들의 과학 그래프 구성 과정을 문제 해결의 관점에서 심층적으로 조사하였다. 중학교 3학년 학생 10명이 연구에 참여하였으며, 이들은 앙금 생성 반응을 묘사한 그림 자료를 바탕으로 과학 그래프를 구성하였다. 학생들이 그래프를 구성할 때 거치는 사고 과정을 심층적으로 조사하기 위하여 발성사고법을 활용하였고, 그래프 구성 과정에 대한 녹화 및 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 학생들의 과학 그래프 구성 유형은 문제 해결 전략과 활용한 표상의 수준에 따라 네 가지 유형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 구조적 전략을 사용한 학생들은 그래프의 목표 개념에 대한 명제적 지식을 바탕으로 자료를 분석하고 경향성을 파악함으로써 활용한 표상의 수준과 무관하게 과학 그래프 구성에 성공하였다. 임의 전략-고차원 표상 유형의 학생들은 다양한 표상을 활용해 자료의 특징을 체계적으로 분석하고 자신이 구성한 그래프의 의미를 과학적 맥락에서 검토하는 과정을 거치며 과학 그래프 구성에 성공할 수 있었다. 반면, 임의전략-저차원 표상 유형의 학생들은 단순히 점을 연결하는 방식으로 그래프를 구성하였고, 과학적 맥락에 대한 고려 없이 그래프 구성 과정만을 점검하는 수준에 머물며 올바른 과학 그래프 구성에 실패하였다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 학생들의 과학 그래프 구성 능력을 효과적으로 함양하는 방안을 제안하였다.
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the middle school students’ construction processes of scientific graph from the perspective of the problem solving process. Ten 9th graders participated in this study. They constructed a scientific graph based on pictorial data depicting precipitation reaction. The think-aloud method was used in order to investigate their thinking processes deeply. Their activities were videotaped, and semi-structured interviews were also conducted. The analysis of the results revealed that their processes of scientific graph construction could be classified into four types according to the problem solving strategy and the level of representations utilized. Students using the structural strategy succeeded in constructing scientific graph regardless of the level of representation utilized, by analyzing the data and identifying the trend based on the propositional knowledge about the target concept of the graph. Students of random strategy-higher order representation type were able to succeed in constructing scientific graph by systematically analyzing the characteristics of the data using various representations, and considering the meaning of the graph constructed in terms of the scientific context. On the other hand, students of random strategy-lower order representation type failed to construct correct scientific graph by constructing graph in a way of simply connecting points, and checking the processes of graph construction only without considering the scientific context. On the bases of the results, effective methods for improving students’ ability to construct scientific graphs are discussed.
참고문헌 (54)
- Atwater, M. M., "Cognitive development and problem solving of Afro-American students in chemistry", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27(2), pp.157~172 (1990)
- Beaumont-Walters, Y., "An analysis of high school students' performance on five integrated science process skills", Research in Science & Technological Education, 19(2), pp.133~145 (2001)
- Beichner, R. J., "Testing student interpretation of kinematics graphs", American Journal of Physics, 62(8), pp.750~762 (1994)
- Berg, C. A., "Assessing students' abilities to construct and interpret line graphs : Disparities between multiple-choice and freeresponse instruments", Science Education, 78(6), pp.527~554 (1994)
- Bing, T. J., "The cognitive blending of math and physics knowledge", Proceedings of the 2006 Physics Education Research Conference (2006)
- Bing, T. J., "Analyzing problem solving using math in physics : Epistemological framing via warrants", Physical Review Special Topics-Physics Education Research, 5(2), pp.020108~ (2009)
- Brasell, H. M., "Graphs, graphing, and graphers", What Research Says to the Science Teacher, 6, pp.69~85 (1990)
- 변태진, "House Model을 이용한 학생들의 물리 문제 해결 과정에 대한 이해", 박사, 과학교육과 물리전공, pp.2012
- Canham, M., "Effects of knowledge and display design on comprehension of complex graphics", Learning and Instruction, 20(2), pp.155~166 (2010)
- Chiu, M.-H., "Algorithmic problem solving and conceptual understanding of chemistry by students at a local high school in Taiwan", Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China Part D:Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 11(1), pp.20~38 (2001)
- 趙晟娟, "일상적 상황과 과학적 상황에서의 학생들의 반응유형 비교 : 고등학교 2학년(이과) 학생들의 입자개념을 대상으로", 석사, pp.1993
- 최지연, "특성화 고등학교 수학부진 학생들의 엑셀을 활용한 함수의 과정-대상 관점 형성에 대한 연구", 수학교육학연구, 23(2), pp.213~235 (2013), 대한수학교육학회
- Cooper, M. M., "Lost in Lewis structures : An investigation of student difficulties in developing representational competence", Journal of Chemical Education, 87(8), pp.869~874 (2010)
- Dori, Y. J., "Chemical understanding and graphing skills in an honors case-based computerized chemistry laboratory environment : The value of bidirectional visual and textual representations", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(2), pp.219~250 (2008)
- Ferguson, L. E., "Epistemic cognition when students read multiple documents containing conflicting scientific evidence : A think-aloud study", Learning and Instruction, 22(2), pp.103~120 (2012)
- Friel, S. N., "Making sense of graphs : Critical factors influencing comprehension and instructional implications", Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 32(2), pp.124~158 (2001)
- Gabel, D. L., "Problem-solving skills of high school chemistry students", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 21(2), pp.221~233 (1984)
- Gültepe, N., "Reflections on high school students' graphing skills and their conceptual understanding of drawing chemistry graphs", Educational Sciences : Theory and Practice, 16(1), pp.53~81 (2016)
- Hill, M., "Students' representational fluency at university: A cross-sectional measure of how multiple representations are used by physics students using the representational fluency survey", Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 11(6), pp.1633~1655 (2015)
- Hipkins, R., "Challenges with graph interpretation : A review of the literature", Studies in Science Education, 47(2), pp.183~210 (2011)
- 洪美英, "문제와 문제해결자의 특성이 화학 문제해결에 미치는 영향", 박사, 과학교육, pp.1995
- Hong, M., "Analysis of characteristics of problem solving process in gas phase problems of college students", Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education, 14(2), pp.143~158 (1994)
- Hsu, L., "Resource letter RPS-1 : Research in problem solving", American Journal of Physics, 72(9), pp.1147~1156 (2004)
- Ibrahim, B., "Representational task formats and problem solving strategies in kinematics and work", Physical Review Special Topics-Physics Education Research, 8(1), pp.010126~ (2012)
- 전경문, "문제 해결 전략과 해결자·청취자 활동 : 화학 수업에서의 교수효과 및 소집단 문제 해결 과정", 박사, 화학, pp.1999
- 김태선, "중고등학생들의 과학 그래프 작성 및 해석 능력", 한국과학교육학회지, 22(5), pp.768~778 (2002), 한국과학교육학회
- 김태선, "고등학생들의 그래프 능력과 과학 탐구 능력 및 과학 학업 성취도의 관계", 한국과학교육학회지, 25(5), pp.624~633 (2005), 한국과학교육학회
- 김유정, "고등학생들의 과학 그래프 작성 및 해석 과정에서 나타난 오류", 한국과학교육학회지, 29(8), pp.978~989 (2009), 한국과학교육학회
- 김유정, "중학생들의 과학 그래프 작성 과정에서의 오류 유형 분석", 한국과학교육학회지, 29(2), pp.168~178 (2009), 한국과학교육학회
- Kohl, P. B., "Patterns of multiple representation use by experts and novices during physics problem solving", Physical Review Special Topics-Physics Education Research, 4(1), pp.010111~ (2008)
- Kwon, J., "A Comparative analysis of expert's and novice's thinking processes in solving physics problems", A Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education, 8(1), pp.43~55 (1988)
- Lapp, D. A., "Using data-collection devices to enhance students' understanding", Mathematics Teacher, 93(6), pp.504~510 (2000)
- process models of complex human behavior, "Structural", pp.1978, Larkin, J. H.
- Larkin, J. H., "Cognition of learning physics", American Journal of Physics, 49(6), pp.534~541 (1981)
- Larkin, J. H., "Models of competence in solving physics problems", Cognitive Science, 4(4), pp.317~345 (1980)
- 이화영, "함수의 그래프 표현 및 그래프 해석 지도 가능성 탐색 - 초등학교 5학년을 중심으로 -", 학교수학, 11(1), pp.134~145 (2009), 대한수학교육학회
- Lemke, J., "Multimedia literacy demands of the scientific curriculum", Linguistics and Education, 10(3), pp.247~271 (1998)
- 임현미, "여자 고등학생들의 생물 그래프 작성 능력 조사", 생물교육, 38(2), pp.342~352 (2010), 한국생물교육학회[DOI]
- Madden, S. P., "The role of multiple representations in the understanding of ideal gas problems", Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 12(3), pp.283~293 (2011)
- McKenzie, D. L., "The construction and validation of the test of graphing in science(TOGS)", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 23(7), pp.571~579 (1986)
- Meredith, D. C., "How students use mathematical resources in an electrostatics context", American Journal of Physics, 76(6), pp.570~578 (2008)
- Noh, T., "Comparison of chemistry problem solving behaviors in the aspects of cognitive developmental level of student and context of problem", Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education, 16(4), pp.389~400 (1996)
- Park, H. -K., "A study on students' thinking processes in solving physics problems", Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education, 14(1), pp.85~102 (1994)
- Park, J., "Features of elementary students' intuitive thinking during the problem solving activities on thermal phenomena: Focusing on the processes of emergence and elaboration", Doctoral, pp.2018
- 박윤배, "정성적, 정량적 문제에 대한 고등학생들의 물리 문제해결과정 분석", 한국과학교육학회지, 25(4), pp.526~532 (2005), 한국과학교육학회
- Ploetzner, R., "Students' difficulties in learning from dynamic visualisations and how they may be overcome", Computers in Human Behavior, 25(1), pp.56~65 (2009)
- Potgieter, M., "Transfer of algebraic and graphical thinking between mathematics and chemistry", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 45(2), pp.197~218 (2008)
- Rau, M. A., "Enhancing undergraduate chemistry learning by helping students make connections among multiple graphical representations", The Royal Society of Chemistry, 16(3), pp.654~669 (2015)
- Seçken, N., "An analysis of relations between concerns about the use of graphs in chemistry classes and multiple intelligences in terms of different variables", International Journal of New Trends in Arts, Sports & Science Education, 1(2), pp.142~156 (2012)
- Tuminaro, J., "Understanding students' poor performance on mathematical problem solving in physics", Proceedings of the 2004 Physics Education Research Conference (2004), University of Maryland
- Vermaat, H., "Multiple representations in web-based learning of chemistry concepts", Proceedings of the 84th Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (2003)
- 양수진, "초등학생들의 과학 선 그래프 작성 및 해석 과정 분석", 초등과학교육, 31(3), pp.321~333 (2012), 한국초등과학교육학회
- Zoller, U., "Algorithmic, LOCS and HOCS(chemistry)exam questions : Performance and attitudes of college students", International Journal of Science Education, 24(2), pp.185~203 (2002)